Imposter phenomenon and resilience in Lebanese university students: A cross-sectional study

Table 8 Correlation between resilience and other characteristics (n = 630)

Characteristic	Resilience mean/40	P value
Age (years)
< 18	22.00	0.63
18-19	25.25
20-22	25.88
23-25	24.10
26-30	26.00
31-35	25.50
Gender
Female	24.81	< 0.001c
Male	26.86
Marital status
Single	25.57	0.310
Married	23.14
Nationality
Lebanese	25.53	0.486
Syrian	22.67
Palestinian	25.48
Others1	27.10
Governorate
Beirut	24.88	0.404
Mount Lebanon	26.25
Bekaa	25.94
Baalbak-Hermel	25.08
Akkar	28.75
Nabatieh	25.39
South Lebanon	24.50
North Lebanon	27.27
Keserwan-Jbeil	24.88
Living arrangement
Living with a family	25.53	0.838
Living in a dormitory	25.46
Current smoking status
Non-smoker	25.49	0.699
Smoker	25.66
University
American University of Beirut	25.79	0.931
Lebanese American University	25.75
Beirut Arab University	25.34
Lebanese University	25.50
Universitié Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth	25.22
Do you major in a healthcare field?
Yes	25.45	0.748
No	25.57
Level of education in the academic year 2022-2023
Year 1, undergraduate	25.03	0.21
Year 2, undergraduate	25.49
Year 3, undergraduate	26.14
Year 4, undergraduate	25.65
Year 5, undergraduate	20.60
Year 6, undergraduate	31.00
Year 7, undergraduate	0
Master 1, graduate	24.96
Master 2, graduate	29.00
PhD, graduate	24.13
Do you work alongside your studies?
Yes	26.51	0.01a
No	25.12
Have you ever failed an academic year in university?
Yes	22.71	< 0.001c
No	25.86
Have you ever transferred majors?
Yes	24.32	0.110
No	25.8
Have you ever taken a gap year?
Yes	23.75	0.034a
No	25.79
Have you ever felt overwhelmed with academic tasks?
Yes	25.21	0.02a
No	27.08
Do you feel satisfied with your major?
Yes	26.10	< 0.001c
No	23.07
On average, how many hours do you study per day?
Less than 1 h	25.50	0.419
1-2 h	25.79
3-4 h	24.84
5-6 h	25.64
More than 6 h	26.41
How did your grades change from school to university?
Improved	26.89	< 0.001c
Worsened	23.82
Did not change	25.88
Do you frequently attend training courses, practical sessions, or workshops?
Yes	26.14	0.022a
No	24.98
Have you ever felt unsupported by your family members, peers, friends, and/or professors?
Yes	23.21	< 0.001c
No	26.94
Does your family place a high value on your achievements and successes?
Yes	25.56	0.629
No	25.16
Have you been clinically diagnosed with a mental health condition?
Yes	23.04	< 0.001c
No	26.33
Do you practice any of these coping strategies?
Meditation	27.32	0.002b
Exercise	26.33
Hobbies	26.64
Talking to a counselor	23.05
Other	24.14
I don’t practice any coping strategies	24.35
Smoking	26.62
Alcohol	20.50

¹Including United States of America, Colombia, France, Spain, Jordan, Egypt, Canada. Other characteristics include sociodemographic characteristics and personal experiences of the participant.

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.