Influence of aerobic exercise on the cognitive and social functions of elderly patients with schizophrenia

Table 3 Comparison of cognitive function pre- and post-treatment, mean ± SD

Variable	Group	Control group (n = 72)	Observation group (n = 86)	t value	P value
Trail Making Test-A	Pre-treatment	77.53 ± 29.47	81.24 ± 25.58	-0.85	0.397
	Post-treatment	61.94 ± 10.08c	54.68 ± 11.27c	4.22	< 0.001
Symbol coding	Pre-treatment	29.22 ± 11.44	28.59 ± 12.85	0.32	0.748
	Post-treatment	30.33 ± 9.15	33.38 ± 7.37a	-2.28	0.024
Hopkins	Pre-treatment	15.93 ± 5.71	15.38 ± 5.28	0.62	0.533
	Post-treatment	17.12 ± 4.49	19.26 ± 4.29c	-3.04	0.003
Spatial span	Pre-treatment	17.12 ± 3.68	17.56 ± 3.39	-0.77	0.443
	Post-treatment	18.62 ± 3.15a	19.78 ± 3.20c	-2.27	0.024
Mazes	Pre-treatment	7.44 ± 3.13	7.63 ± 2.82	-0.39	0.699
	Post-treatment	8.28 ± 2.74	10.53 ± 2.37c	-5.55	< 0.001
Visuospatial Memory	Pre-treatment	13.92 ± 3.17	13.58 ± 3.78	0.60	0.552
	Post-treatment	15.33 ± 3.03a	17.16 ± 2.88c	-3.88	< 0.001
Verbal fluence	Pre-treatment	16.90 ± 4.54	16.52 ± 5.11	0.49	0.625
	Post-treatment	17.54 ± 4.70	19.37 ± 4.42c	-2.52	0.013

^aP < 0.05 vs pre-treatment in the same group.

^cP < 0.001 vs pre-treatment in the same group.