©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026.
World J Psychiatry. Mar 19, 2026; 16(3): 113625
Published online Mar 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i3.113625
Published online Mar 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i3.113625
Table 4 Sleep quality assessment results
| Parameter | Study group | Control group | P value |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | 12.3 ± 3.1 | 7.5 ± 2.4 | < 0.001 |
| Total sleep time (hours) | 5.2 ± 1.1 | 6.8 ± 0.9 | < 0.01 |
| Sleep fragmentation | Increased | Normal | Not specified |
| Sleep latency (minutes) | 42.7 ± 18.5 | 23.4 ± 11.2 | < 0.01 |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | 68.3 ± 8.7 | 84.6 ± 6.2 | < 0.01 |
| REM sleep (% of total) | 16.2 ± 4.3 | 23.8 ± 3.7 | < 0.01 |
| Nocturnal awakenings (count) | 6.4 ± 2.1 | 3.1 ± 1.4 | < 0.001 |
| Daytime sleepiness (ESS score) | 11.8 ± 3.6 | 6.4 ± 2.8 | < 0.01 |
- Citation: Shang S, Hu Y, Wang H, Rao RQ, Zhang F. Preoperative anxiety and psychological determinants of functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty: A retrospective cohort study. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(3): 113625
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i3/113625.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i3.113625