Contemporary adolescent depression: Multidimensional analysis from neurobiological, psychological, and social integrative perspectives

Figure 1 Multifactorial contributors to stress response system rhythm disorders in adolescent depression: An integrative model. This diagram illustrates the multiple risk factors contributing to stress response system rhythm disorders in depressed adolescents, with a central figure representing a distressed individual surrounded by nine key contributing factors including family history, disease/inflammation, social stress, sleep disorders, lifestyle factors, dysfunctional family functioning, pregnancy/postpartum issues, adolescent developmental changes, and substance use. All these factors are shown with arrows pointing toward the individual, indicating their combined impact on disrupting normal stress response and circadian rhythm patterns in vulnerable adolescents.