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Retrospective Study
©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026.
World J Psychiatry. Mar 19, 2026; 16(3): 112649
Published online Mar 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i3.112649
Figure 3
Figure 3 Forest plot of risk factors for post-operative depression. The odds ratios indicate the strength of association between each factor and post-operative depression, with values greater than 1 suggesting increased risk. The P values (all < 0.05) indicate that these associations are statistically significant. This analysis helps clinicians identify high-risk patients who might benefit from preventive interventions or closer monitoring for depression following surgery. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.


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