Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysregulation and psychological distress in Crohn’s disease: Insights from acute and chronic stress responses

Table 1 Demographics and disease characteristics of 101 outpatients with Crohn’s disease, mean ± SD/median (interquartile ranges)

Characteristic	Value
Age in years	38.2 (13.2)
Male, %	57.9
Educational status, %
Illiterate	1.5
Basic	46.2
Secondary	20
Technical/university degree	32.3
HBI	1 (1–3)
Smoker, %	40.8
Montreal classification, %
A1/A2/A31	8.5/70.7/20.7
B1/B2/B32	51.3/38.5/10.3
L1/L2/L3/L43	43.6/10.3/46.2
P value	28.4
Under biologic treatment, %	72
Hemoglobin in g/dL	13.4 (1.8)
Anemia, %	10.3
CRP in mg/L	0.8 (0.3–2.7)
History of Crohn’s-related surgery, %	34.7
Extra-intestinal manifestations, %	39.4

¹Age at diagnosis: A1: ≤ 16 years old; A2: 17-40 years old; A3: > 40 years old.

²Behavior: B1: Non-structuring, non-penetrating; B2: Structuring; B3: Penetrating.

³Location: L1: Ileal; L2: Colonic; L3: Ileocolonic; L4: Upper gastrointestinal.

HBI: Harvey-Bradshaw Index; CRP: C-reactive protein.