Predictive role of family dysfunction on psychological morbidity in breast cancer patients

Table 2 Family functioning assessment and psychological health outcomes by group status, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variable	Total (n = 285)	Normal psychological health (n = 167)	Psychological problems (n = 118)	Statistical value	P value
Family functioning assessment (FAD scores)
Affective responsiveness	1.91 ± 0.55	1.68 ± 0.43	2.24 ± 0.61	t = 7.95	< 0.001
Affective responsiveness dysfunction	101 (35.4)	38 (22.8)	63 (53.4)	χ2 = 27.78	< 0.001
Affective involvement	1.78 ± 0.49	1.59 ± 0.38	2.05 ± 0.55	t = 7.34	< 0.001
Affective involvement dysfunction	79 (27.7)	28 (16.8)	51 (43.2)	χ2 = 23.12	< 0.001
Behavior control	1.85 ± 0.53	1.64 ± 0.41	2.15 ± 0.59	t = 7.56	< 0.001
Behavior control dysfunction	91 (31.9)	35 (21.0)	56 (47.5)	χ2 = 22.34	< 0.001
General functioning	1.89 ± 0.47	1.67 ± 0.35	2.21 ± 0.52	t = 9.15	< 0.001
Overall family dysfunction	93 (32.6)	28 (16.8)	65 (55.1)	χ2 = 45.23	< 0.001
Psychological health outcomes (HADS scores)
Anxiety score (HADS-A)	6.8 ± 4.2	4.3 ± 2.1	10.5 ± 4.8	t = 12.89	< 0.001
Anxiety symptoms (≥ 8)	80 (28.1)	0 (0.0)	80 (67.8)	χ2 = 89.45	< 0.001
Severe anxiety (≥ 11)	45 (15.8)	0 (0.0)	45 (38.1)	χ2 = 56.78	< 0.001
Depression score (HADS-D)	7.1 ± 4.5	4.1 ± 2.3	11.2 ± 5.1	t = 13.67	< 0.001
Depression symptoms (≥ 8)	91 (31.9)	0 (0.0)	91 (77.1)	χ2 = 98.23	< 0.001
Severe depression (≥ 11)	52 (18.2)	0 (0.0)	52 (44.1)	χ2 = 61.45	< 0.001
Comorbid anxiety and depression	53 (18.6)	0 (0.0)	53 (44.9)	χ2 = 67.89	< 0.001

FAD: Family Assessment Device; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-anxiety subscale; HADS-D: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-depression subscale.