Clinical investigation of postpartum depression risk factors and screening predictors

Figure 3 Psychosocial risk factors and assessment scores for postpartum depression. This figure illustrates the significant differences in psychosocial factors between women with postpartum depression (PPD; PPD group) and those without (non-PPD group). A: Women with PPD have substantially higher rates of depression history, low income, family conflict, expectation gaps, and insufficient social support; B: PPD group women score significantly lower on psychosocial assessments, including the marital satisfaction, family function, and social support scales, indicating poorer psychosocial wellbeing in women with PPD. ^aP < 0.05. PPD: Postpartum depression.