Non-coding RNA in extracellular vesicles and the occurrence and progression of psychiatric disorders: A narrative review

Table 3 The association between non-coding RNA and bipolar disorder

Ref.	Sample source	Samples	NcRNA	Method	Results
Fiorentino et al[119], 2016	Peripheral blood	BD: 2078; HCs: 1355	MiRNA	RT-qPCR	A single recurrent variant in the vicinity of the miR-708 gene
Mola-Ali-Nejad et al[120], 2023	Peripheral blood	BD: 50; HCs: 50	LncRNA	RT-PCR	NKILA and COX2 down
Lin et al[121], 2021	Post-mortem human; brain samples	BD: 13; HCs: 13	CircRNA	RT-qPCR; RNA-seq analysis	26 circRNAs up
Hosseini and Mokhtari[122], 2024	Peripheral blood	BD: 50; HCs: 50	LncRNA	qRT-PCR	HOXA-AS2 and MEG3 up
Zamani et al[123], 2023	Peripheral blood	BD: 50; HCs: 50	LncRNA	RT-qPCR	FOXD3-AS1 and GAS5 up
Maffioletti et al[76], 2016	Peripheral blood	BD: 20; HCs: 20	MiRNA	Microarray	5 miRNAs up; 2 miRNAs down
Ceylan et al[67], 2020	Peripheral blood	BD: 69; HCs: 41	MiRNA	RT-qPCR	3 miRNAs down; miR-185-5p up
Zimmerman et al[79], 2020	Human postmortem brain; total RNA samples	BD: 32; HCs: 34	CircRNA	RT-qPCR	CircHomer1a down
Mahmoudi et al[109], 2021	PBMCs	BD: 39; HCs: 20	CircRNA	RNA-seq	55 circRNAs down

NcRNA: Non-coding RNA; PBMCs: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; HCs: Healthy controls; BD: Bipolar disorder; MiRNA: MicroRNA; CircRNA: Circular RNA; LncRNA: Long non-coding RNA; RT-qPCR: Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction; qRT-PCR: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; RT-PCR: Real-time polymerase chain reaction.