Non-coding RNA in extracellular vesicles and the occurrence and progression of psychiatric disorders: A narrative review

Table 1 The association between non-coding RNA and schizophrenia

Ref.	Sample source	Samples	NcRNA	Method	Results
Miller et al[100], 2012	Prefrontal cortical tissue	SCZ: 35; HCs: 34; BD: 31	MiRNA	RT-qPCR	483 miRNAs up
Du et al[94], 2019	Exosome in blood	SCZ: 49; HCs: 46	MiRNA	MiRNA-seq NGS	18 miRNAs up
Zhao et al[59], 2023	Peripheral blood	SCZ: 8; HCs: 15	MiRNA	RT-qPCR	41 miRNAs down; 35 miRNAs up
Liu et al[107], 2019	PBMCs	SCZ: 32; HCs: 48	LncRNA	RT-qPCR	The expression levels of CSMD1 are correlated with SCZ
Fallah et al[65], 2019	Peripheral blood	SCZ: 60; HCs: 60	LncRNA	RT-qPCR	5 lncRNAs up
Teng et al[108], 2023	SCZ postmortem brains	SCZ: 559; HCs: 936	LncRNA	RNA-seq analysis; RT-qPCR	LncRNA-GOMAFU down
Zimmerman et al[79], 2020	Human postmortem brain total RNA	SCZ: 34; HCs: 34	CircRNA	RT-qPCR	CircHomer1a down
Mahmoudi et al[109], 2021	PBMCs	SCZ: 39; HCs: 20	CircRNA	RNA-seq analysis	8762 circRNAs up; 55 circRNAs down
Huang et al[110], 2023	Plasma	SCZ: 10; HCs: 8	CircRNA	RT-qPCR; RNA-seq analysis	1 circRNAs up; 234 circRNAs down

NcRNA: Non-coding RNA; PBMCs: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; SCZ: Schizophrenia; HCs: Healthy controls; BD: Bipolar disorder; MiRNA: MicroRNA; CircRNA: Circular RNA; LncRNA: Long non-coding RNA; RT-qPCR: Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction; NGS: Next-generation sequencing; CSMD1: CUB and Sushi multiple domains 1.