©The Author(s) 2026.
World J Psychiatry. Feb 19, 2026; 16(2): 112819
Published online Feb 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i2.112819
Published online Feb 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i2.112819
Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between the two groups, n (%)
| Characteristics | Electroencephalogram group | Control group | Statistical value | P value |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 72.3 ± 5.7 | 71.8 ± 6.1 | t = 0.642 | 0.521 |
| Gender | χ² = 0.039 | 0.843 | ||
| Male | 75 (63.6) | 79 (64.8) | ||
| Female | 43 (36.4) | 43 (35.2) | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m²) (mean ± SD) | 23.5 ± 2.8 | 23.2 ± 3.0 | t = 0.779 | 0.437 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| American Society of Anesthesiologists classification | χ² = 0.415 | 0.520 | ||
| Grade II | 72 (61.0) | 69 (56.6) | ||
| Grade III | 46 (39.0) | 53 (43.4) | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 55 (46.6) | 59 (48.4) | χ² = 0.074 | 0.786 |
| Diabetes | 36 (30.5) | 40 (32.8) | χ² = 0.146 | 0.702 |
| Coronary heart disease | 26 (22.0) | 30 (24.6) | χ² = 0.221 | 0.639 |
| Preoperative laboratory tests | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/L) (mean ± SD) | 118.5 ± 13.2 | 116.8 ± 14.5 | t = 0.946 | 0.345 |
| Albumin (g/L) (mean ± SD) | 36.8 ± 3.5 | 37.2 ± 3.3 | t = -0.897 | 0.371 |
| Tumor characteristics | ||||
| TNM staging | χ² = 0.378 | 0.828 | ||
| Stage I | 32 (27.1) | 30 (24.6) | ||
| Stage II | 51 (43.2) | 53 (43.4) | ||
| Stage III | 35 (29.7) | 39 (32.0) | ||
| Tumor location | χ² = 0.267 | 0.875 | ||
| Cardia | 28 (23.7) | 31 (25.4) | ||
| Body | 45 (38.1) | 43 (35.2) | ||
| Antrum | 45 (38.1) | 48 (39.3) | ||
| Differentiation degree | χ² = 0.199 | 0.905 | ||
| Well differentiated | 21 (17.8) | 19 (15.6) | ||
| Moderately differentiated | 62 (52.5) | 66 (54.1) | ||
| Poorly differentiated | 35 (29.7) | 37 (30.3) | ||
| Surgery-related | ||||
| Surgical approach | χ² = 0.018 | 0.892 | ||
| Open | 69 (58.5) | 72 (59.0) | ||
| Laparoscopic | 49 (41.5) | 50 (41.0) | ||
| Preoperative assessment | ||||
| PSQI total score (mean ± SD) | 9.8 ± 2.6 | 10.1 ± 2.4 | t = -0.904 | 0.367 |
| PSQI component scores (mean ± SD) | ||||
| Sleep quality | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 1.9 ± 0.5 | t = -0.823 | 0.411 |
| Sleep latency | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | t = -0.736 | 0.463 |
| Sleep duration | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | t = -0.871 | 0.385 |
| Sleep efficiency | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | t = -0.802 | 0.424 |
| Sleep disturbances | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | t = 0.645 | 0.520 |
| Use of sleep medication | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 0.6 ± 0.7 | t = -0.600 | 0.549 |
| Daytime dysfunction | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | t = -0.851 | 0.395 |
| HADS scores (mean ± SD) | ||||
| Anxiety subscale (HADS-A) | 5.8 ± 1.9 | 5.7 ± 2.0 | t = 0.401 | 0.689 |
| Depression subscale (HADS-D) | 6.0 ± 1.8 | 5.9 ± 1.7 | t = 0.444 | 0.657 |
- Citation: Zhang XM, Yuan L, Chen YL, Shuai SC, Ye XM, Zhao JB. Electroencephalogram-guided anesthesia and postoperative anxiety and depression in elderly gastric cancer patients with sleep disorders. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(2): 112819
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i2/112819.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i2.112819