Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 4 Baseline characteristics according to comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms

Variables	No anxiety or depression (n = 180)	Anxiety or depression (n = 141)	Anxiety and depression (n = 81)	P value
Age (years)	53.86 ± 12.81	55.96 ± 13.42	56.62 ± 13.02	0.192
Diabetes duration (years)	6.01 ± 6.52	6.73 ± 6.83	7.08 ± 7.88	0.445
Sex (male)	121 (67.22)	83 (58.87)	45 (55.56)	0.129
Smoking	54 (30.00)	30 (21.28)	13 (16.05)	0.032
Drinking	65 (36.11)	39 (27.66)	15 (18.52)	0.013
SBP (mmHg)	129.91 ± 18.22	134.43 ± 17.15	137.48 ± 15.84	0.003
DBP (mmHg)	80.30 ± 12.68	79.79 ± 11.29	83.53 ± 12.68	0.071
BMI (kg/m2)	25.89 ± 3.81	25.82 ± 4.14	24.64 ± 4.47	0.054
HbA1c (%)	8.37 ± 1.95	9.31 ± 2.13	8.44 ± 2.48	< 0.001
FBG (mmol/L)	8.48 ± 2.78	8.69 ± 3.10	7.33 ± 2.62	0.002
ALT (U/L)	26.85 ± 20.85	25.72 ± 17.40	31.89 ± 30.23	0.120
AST (U/L)	23.34 ± 15.87	23.15 ± 13.74	25.82 ± 15.58	0.394
TC (mmol/L)	4.65 ± 1.35	4.73 ± 1.47	4.55 ± 1.14	0.626
TG (mmol/L)	2.04 ± 2.08	1.85 ± 1.65	2.04 ± 1.84	0.642
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.91 ± 1.00	2.98 ± 1.06	2.79 ± 0.95	0.407
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.12 ± 0.30	1.15 ± 0.34	1.10 ± 0.27	0.462
Scr (µmol/L)	62.56 ± 26.93	67.76 ± 30.55	70.22 ± 32.62	0.102
UA (µmol/L)	317.95 ± 94.89	320.93 ± 79.36	329.95 ± 93.42	0.605
BUN (mmol/L)	6.00 ± 1.57	7.01 ± 2.49	6.72 ± 2.65	< 0.001
WBC (× 109/L)	6.30 ± 1.64	6.27 ± 1.47	6.67 ± 1.65	0.150
Neutrophil (× 109/L)	3.38 ± 1.06	3.62 ± 1.12	3.93 ± 1.16	< 0.001
Lymphocyte (× 109/L)	2.31 ± 0.93	2.05 ± 0.75	1.91 ± 0.76	< 0.001
PLT (× 109/L)	194.69 ± 60.34	201.84 ± 61.46	208.31 ± 56.23	0.214
CKD	23 (12.78)	33 (23.40)	21 (25.93)	0.012
Hypertension	76 (42.22)	67 (47.52)	44 (54.32)	0.185
MASLD	97 (53.89)	59 (41.84)	35 (43.21)	0.069
CAD	15 (8.33)	15 (10.64)	7 (8.64)	0.763
Stroke	13 (7.22)	19 (13.48)	14 (17.28)	0.039
SII				< 0.001
Q1	89 (49.44)	39 (27.66)	6 (7.41)
Q2	57 (31.67)	47 (33.33)	30 (37.04)
Q3	34 (18.89)	55 (39.01)	45 (55.56)

Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; CAD: Coronary artery disease; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; PLT: Platelet count; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; Scr: Serum creatinine; SII: Systemic immune-inflammation index; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; UA: Uric acid; WBC: White blood cell count.