Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 2 Demographic and baseline characteristics of participants grouped according to depressive and anxiety symptoms

Variables	Depression			Anxiety
	No (n = 205)	Yes (n = 197)	P value	No (n = 296)	Yes (n = 106)	P value
Age (years)	53.65 ± 13.04	56.72 ± 12.99	0.019	55.01 ± 12.96	55.56 ± 13.52	0.711
Diabetes duration (years)	6.10 ± 6.42	6.87 ± 7.39	0.268	6.29 ± 6.73	7.00 ± 7.41	0.362
Sex (male)	133 (64.88)	116 (58.88)	0.216	192 (64.86)	57 (53.77)	0.044
Smoking	55 (26.83)	42 (21.32)	0.197	83 (28.04)	14 (13.21)	0.002
Drinking	67 (32.68)	52 (26.40)	0.167	102 (34.46)	17 (16.04)	< 0.001
SBP (mmHg)	130.75 ± 18.16	135.38 ± 16.73	0.008	131.48 ± 17.92	137.32 ± 16.01	0.003
DBP (mmHg)	80.15 ± 12.95	81.42 ± 11.49	0.298	80.16 ± 11.82	82.47 ± 13.33	0.096
BMI (kg/m2)	25.81 ± 3.99	25.41 ± 4.18	0.329	25.91 ± 3.84	24.77 ± 4.63	0.024
HbA1c (%)	8.44 ± 1.98	9.01 ± 2.32	0.009	8.78 ± 2.07	8.55 ± 2.41	0.386
FBG (mmol/L)	8.64 ± 2.89	8.00 ± 2.90	0.027	8.48 ± 2.86	7.90 ± 3.00	0.078
ALT (U/L)	26.20 ± 19.75	28.78 ± 24.20	0.242	26.76 ± 20.04	29.41 ± 26.93	0.292
AST (U/L)	23.10 ± 15.03	24.47 ± 15.16	0.365	23.42 ± 15.46	24.76 ± 14.02	0.434
TC (mmol/L)	4.66 ± 1.33	4.65 ± 1.38	0.942	4.68 ± 1.42	4.59 ± 1.15	0.556
TG (mmol/L)	1.98 ± 1.97	1.97 ± 1.80	0.965	1.99 ± 1.96	1.92 ± 1.66	0.748
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.96 ± 1.03	2.86 ± 0.99	0.316	2.91 ± 1.01	2.91 ± 1.03	0.994
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.14 ± 0.31	1.12 ± 0.31	0.517	1.12 ± 0.31	1.14 ± 0.30	0.613
Scr (µmol/L)	62.30 ± 25.97	69.71 ± 32.46	0.012	65.23 ± 29.37	67.92 ± 30.03	0.423
UA (µmol/L)	315.90 ± 92.93	327.15 ± 85.27	0.210	320.81 ± 89.01	323.22 ± 90.45	0.812
BUN (mmol/L)	6.08 ± 1.62	6.94 ± 2.62	< 0.001	6.43 ± 2.10	6.70 ± 2.48	0.280
WBC (× 109/L)	6.35 ± 1.67	6.38 ± 1.50	0.876	6.25 ± 1.53	6.69 ± 1.69	0.015
Neutrophil (× 109/L)	3.43 ± 1.07	3.73 ± 1.15	0.008	3.46 ± 1.08	3.90 ± 1.15	< 0.001
Lymphocyte (× 109/L)	2.29 ± 0.93	1.97 ± 0.72	< 0.001	2.19 ± 0.86	1.99 ± 0.82	0.034
PLT (× 109/L)	196.31 ± 60.41	203.72 ± 59.53	0.216	196.98 ± 60.87	208.23 ± 57.05	0.098
CKD	28 (13.66)	49 (24.87)	0.004	51 (17.23)	26 (24.53)	0.101
Hypertension	84 (40.98)	103 (52.28)	0.023	135 (45.61)	52 (49.06)	0.541
MASLD	105 (51.22)	86 (43.65)	0.129	148 (50.00)	43 (40.57)	0.095
CAD	19 (9.27)	18 (9.14)	0.964	26 (8.78)	11 (10.38)	0.626
Stroke	16 (7.80)	30 (15.23)	0.019	29 (9.80)	17 (16.04)	0.083
SII			< 0.001			< 0.001
Q1	92 (44.88)	42 (21.32)		125 (42.23)	9 (8.49)
Q2	68 (33.17)	66 (33.50)		93 (31.42)	41 (38.68)
Q3	45 (21.95)	89 (45.18)		78 (26.35)	56 (52.83)

Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; CAD: Coronary artery disease; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; PLT: Platelet count; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; Scr: Serum creatinine; SII: Systemic immune-inflammation index; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; UA: Uric acid; WBC: White blood cell count.