Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

doi:10.5498/wjp.124037

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Nov 19, 2026; 16(11): 124037
Published online Nov 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.124037

Table 1 Participant demographics and baseline characteristics according to systemic immune-inflammation index tertiles

Variables	Total (n = 402)	Q1 (n = 134)	Q2 (n = 134)	Q3 (n = 134)	P value
Age (years)	55.15 ± 13.09	54.87 ± 12.20	53.75 ± 13.55	56.84 ± 13.39	0.146
Diabetes duration (years)	6.48 ± 6.92	6.01 ± 6.97	5.75 ± 6.04	7.66 ± 7.55	0.049
Sex (male)	249 (61.94)	81 (60.45)	89 (66.42)	79 (58.96)	0.412
Smoking	97 (24.13)	39 (29.10)	35 (26.12)	23 (17.16)	0.059
Drinking	119 (29.60)	49 (36.57)	43 (32.09)	27 (20.15)	0.010
SBP (mmHg)	133.02 ± 17.61	130.58 ± 18.48	132.20 ± 16.83	136.28 ± 17.10	0.024
DBP (mmHg)	80.77 ± 12.26	79.37 ± 11.88	81.51 ± 12.47	81.43 ± 12.39	0.267
BMI (kg/m²)	25.61 ± 4.08	25.98 ± 3.90	25.43 ± 4.27	25.43 ± 4.08	0.448
HbA1c (%)	8.72 ± 2.17	8.71 ± 1.98	8.89 ± 2.29	8.56 ± 2.22	0.467
FBG (mmol/L)	8.32 ± 2.91	8.39 ± 2.79	8.64 ± 3.19	7.95 ± 2.70	0.145
ALT (U/L)	27.46 ± 22.05	26.72 ± 20.42	27.29 ± 19.09	28.37 ± 26.16	0.826
AST (U/L)	23.77 ± 15.09	23.37 ± 16.11	23.56 ± 13.64	24.39 ± 15.51	0.841
TC (mmol/L)	4.66 ± 1.35	4.59 ± 1.33	4.74 ± 1.54	4.64 ± 1.17	0.647
TG (mmol/L)	1.97 ± 1.89	2.04 ± 1.82	1.91 ± 1.51	1.96 ± 2.27	0.848
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.91 ± 1.01	2.90 ± 0.91	3.02 ± 1.08	2.80 ± 1.04	0.215
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.13 ± 0.31	1.14 ± 0.34	1.14 ± 0.29	1.10 ± 0.30	0.392
Scr (µmol/L)	65.94 ± 29.54	61.95 ± 25.21	66.10 ± 24.92	69.78 ± 36.64	0.096
UA (µmol/L)	321.45 ± 89.29	310.59 ± 83.26	325.99 ± 90.18	327.74 ± 93.78	0.229
BUN (mmol/L)	6.50 ± 2.21	6.14 ± 1.83	6.48 ± 1.82	6.88 ± 2.78	0.024
WBC (× 10⁹/L)	6.36 ± 1.58	5.86 ± 1.55	6.35 ± 1.59	6.88 ± 1.46	< 0.001
Neutrophil (× 10⁹/L)	3.58 ± 1.12	2.86 ± 0.84	3.48 ± 0.91	4.39 ± 1.02	< 0.001
Lymphocyte (× 10⁹/L)	2.14 ± 0.85	2.47 ± 0.96	2.16 ± 0.75	1.78 ± 0.67	< 0.001
PLT (× 10⁹/L)	199.94 ± 60.02	165.83 ± 45.11	203.15 ± 48.61	230.85 ± 65.72	< 0.001
CKD	77 (19.15)	17 (12.69)	26 (19.40)	34 (25.37)	0.031
Hypertension	187 (46.52)	58 (43.28)	61 (45.52)	68 (50.75)	0.454
MASLD	191 (47.51)	67 (50.00)	67 (50.00)	57 (42.54)	0.369
CAD	37 (9.20)	13 (9.70)	14 (10.45)	10 (7.46)	0.679
Stroke	46 (11.44)	15 (11.19)	15 (11.19)	16 (11.94)	0.976
PHQ-9	4.31 ± 2.80	3.28 ± 2.34	4.39 ± 2.79	5.27 ± 2.89	< 0.001
GAD-7	3.19 ± 2.59	1.99 ± 1.59	3.57 ± 2.75	4.01 ± 2.80	< 0.001
Depression	197 (49.00)	42 (31.34)	66 (49.25)	89 (66.42)	< 0.001
Anxiety	106 (26.37)	9 (6.72)	41 (30.60)	56 (41.79)	< 0.001

Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; CAD: Coronary artery disease; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; GAD-7: 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; PHQ-9: 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; PLT: Platelet count; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; Scr: Serum creatinine; SII: Systemic immune-inflammation index; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; UA: Uric acid; WBC: White blood cell count.

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Citation: Pan XY, Wang YK, Ding YQ, Wang NJ, Pan TR, Zhong X. Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(11): 124037
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i11/124037.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.124037

Pan XY, Wang YK, Ding YQ, Wang NJ, Pan TR, Zhong X. Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(11): 124037 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.124037]

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