Triglyceride-glucose index combined with a body shape index in relation to sleep problems and sleep duration

doi:10.5498/wjp.123981

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Observational Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Nov 19, 2026; 16(11): 123981
Published online Nov 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.123981

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the overall study population according to sleep-problem status

Characteristic	Overall, n = 12642	Sleep problems		P value
Characteristic	Overall, n = 12642	No, n = 11670 (92.3%)	Yes, n = 972 (7.7%)	P value
Age (years)	46.30 (45.70-46.90)	45.85 (45.22-46.49)	51.41 (50.45-52.38)	< 0.0001
Gender				0.1135
Male	48.79 (47.85-49.73)	48.48 (47.57-49.39)	52.32 (47.54-57.05)
Female	51.21 (50.27-52.15)	51.52 (50.61-52.43)	47.68 (42.95-52.46)
Race/ethnicity				< 0.0001
Non-Hispanic White	68.62 (65.62-71.47)	68.06 (65.03-70.95)	74.96 (71.30-78.29)
Non-Hispanic Black	10.59 (9.21-12.15)	10.56 (9.17-12.15)	10.84 (9.07-12.92)
Mexican American	8.69 (7.32-10.28)	9.03 (7.63-10.65)	4.77 (3.43-6.62)
Other Hispanic	5.33 (4.28-6.62)	5.40 (4.33-6.72)	4.52 (3.27-6.22)
Other race	6.78 (5.90-7.77)	6.94 (6.03-7.98)	4.90 (3.65-6.54)
Education level				0.5355
Under Highschool	5.93 (5.31-6.61)	5.96 (5.35-6.63)	5.60 (4.44-7.03)
Highschool	35.55 (33.49-37.67)	35.71 (33.52-37.95)	33.80 (30.19-37.61)
Above Highschool	58.46 (56.20-60.69)	58.27 (55.91-60.60)	60.61 (56.54-64.54)
Poverty income ratio	2.96 (2.88-3.05)	2.97 (2.88-3.05)	2.90 (2.72-3.08)	0.4002
Smoking status				< 0.0001
Never	52.90 (51.21-54.59)	53.76 (52.14-55.37)	43.09 (38.20-48.11)
Former	23.93 (22.66-25.26)	23.46 (22.16-24.83)	29.28 (25.79-33.03)
Current	20.55 (19.14-22.03)	20.02 (18.60-21.51)	26.65 (23.38-30.20)
Alcohol use				< 0.0001
Never	10.41 (9.36-11.56)	10.41 (9.43-11.48)	10.34 (7.65-13.84)
Former	14.21 (13.16-15.32)	13.58 (12.54-14.68)	21.40 (18.22-24.98)
Mild	32.51 (30.93-34.13)	32.64 (31.04-34.29)	31.00 (26.77-35.57)
Moderate	15.28 (14.31-16.30)	15.20 (14.20-16.25)	16.20 (12.98-20.04)
Heavy	19.52 (18.48-20.60)	19.84 (18.72-21.00)	15.92 (13.07-19.25)
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	69.17 (68.71-69.62)	69.09 (68.62-69.55)	70.09 (69.16-71.03)	0.0387
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	120.09 (119.56-120.62)	119.87 (119.34-120.41)	122.52 (121.43-123.60)	< 0.0001
ALT (U/L)	25.51 (25.11-25.91)	25.36 (24.93-25.80)	27.20 (25.64-28.77)	0.0340
AST (U/L)	25.62 (25.25-25.99)	25.50 (25.11-25.88)	26.98 (25.38-28.58)	0.0849
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)	12.87 (12.73-13.00)	12.78 (12.64-12.91)	13.92 (13.50-14.34)	< 0.0001
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.88 (0.88-0.89)	0.88 (0.87-0.89)	0.94 (0.91-0.96)	< 0.0001
Bilirubin, total (mg/dL)	0.77 (0.76-0.78)	0.77 (0.76-0.78)	0.73 (0.70-0.75)	0.0025
Cholesterol, total (mg/dL)	194.37 (193.25-195.49)	194.57 (193.40-195.74)	192.06 (188.41-195.72)	0.2050
Direct HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	54.12 (53.65-54.58)	54.42 (53.94-54.91)	50.65 (49.47-51.83)	< 0.0001
LDH (U/L)	127.54 (126.82-128.26)	127.16 (126.38-127.94)	131.85 (129.49-134.20)	0.0006
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	128.87 (125.50-132.24)	126.69 (123.52-129.86)	153.82 (136.60-171.05)	0.0028
Diabetes mellitus				< 0.0001
No	68.43 (66.94-69.89)	69.61 (68.09-71.09)	55.09 (51.28-58.84)
Diabetes mellitus	14.99 (13.99-16.04)	13.80 (12.83-14.83)	28.45 (24.85-32.34)
Impaired fasting glycaemia	7.88 (7.20-8.61)	7.79 (7.12-8.53)	8.80 (6.81-11.31)
Impaired glucose tolerance	8.71 (8.06-9.40)	8.80 (8.11-9.54)	7.66 (5.82-10.01)
Hyperlipidemia				< 0.0001
No	28.85 (27.57-30.17)	29.74 (28.40-31.12)	18.67 (15.96-21.72)
Yes	71.15 (69.83-72.43)	70.26 (68.88-71.60)	81.33 (78.28-84.04)
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease				< 0.0001
No	91.87 (91.02-92.64)	92.79 (92.02-93.49)	81.61 (78.46-84.40)
Yes	8.13 (7.36-8.98)	7.21 (6.51-7.98)	18.39 (15.60-21.54)
Congestive heart failure				< 0.0001
No	97.46 (97.01-97.83)	97.90 (97.52-98.22)	92.52 (90.00-94.45)
Yes	2.54 (2.17-2.99)	2.10 (1.78-2.48)	7.48 (5.55-10.00)
Myocardial infarction				< 0.0001
No	96.36 (95.81-96.84)	96.84 (96.34-97.28)	90.97 (87.90-93.32)
Yes	3.64 (3.16-4.19)	3.16 (2.72-3.66)	9.03 (6.68-12.10)
Angina pectoris				< 0.0001
No	97.75 (97.39-98.07)	98.08 (97.72-98.37)	94.17 (92.42-95.54)
Yes	2.25 (1.93-2.61)	1.92 (1.63-2.28)	5.83 (4.46-7.58)
Sleep duration (hours)	6.89 (6.85-6.93)	6.93 (6.89-6.97)	6.44 (6.32-6.57)	< 0.0001
TyG-ABSI	7.01 (6.98-7.03)	6.98 (6.96-7.01)	7.27 (7.20-7.33)	< 0.0001

Data are presented as survey-weighted means (95%CIs) for continuous variables and survey-weighted proportions (95%CIs) for categorical variables. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; TyG-ABSI: Triglyceride-glucose index combined with a body shape index.

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Citation: Zhang YC, Yu ZZ, Zheng WT, Wang C. Triglyceride-glucose index combined with a body shape index in relation to sleep problems and sleep duration. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(11): 123981
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i11/123981.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.123981

Zhang YC, Yu ZZ, Zheng WT, Wang C. Triglyceride-glucose index combined with a body shape index in relation to sleep problems and sleep duration. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(11): 123981 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.123981]

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