Incidence and influencing factors of post-traumatic stress symptoms in patients after surgery for acute intestinal obstruction

Figure 2 Forest plot of independent risk factors for post-traumatic stress symptoms in postoperative patients with acute intestinal obstruction. Forest plot displaying odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals for the five independent risk factors identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The dashed vertical line represents OR = 1.0 (no effect). All five factors—strangulated obstruction, open surgery, stoma formation, postoperative complications, and the 24-hour postoperative activity-related pain score—demonstrated statistically significant positive associations with post-traumatic stress symptoms (all P < 0.05). OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.