Development and validation of a risk assessment model for fear of falling in elderly stroke patients

Table 2 Univariate analysis of factors associated with high fear of falling in elderly stroke patients, n (%)

Characteristic	High FOF group (n = 124)	Low FOF group (n = 73)	Statistic	P value
Age (years, mean ± SD)	75.25 ± 4.37	73.68 ± 4.54	2.3971	0.017
Sex			2.3632	0.124
Male	80 (64.52)	39 (53.42)
Female	44 (35.48)	34 (46.58)
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)	24.68 ± 3.53	24.31 ± 3.14	0.7491	0.455
Educational level			3.0732	0.215
Primary school and below	15 (12.10)	5 (6.85)
Middle school	76 (61.29)	41 (56.16)
College and above	33 (26.61)	27 (36.99)
Marital status			3.6962	0.158
Married	98 (79.03)	65 (89.04)
Divorced	9 (7.26)	4 (5.48)
Widowed	17 (13.71)	4 (5.48)
Living situation			0.8532	0.356
Live alone	29 (23.39)	13 (17.81)
Live with family	95 (76.61)	60 (82.19)
Stroke type			1.0072	0.316
Ischemic	104 (83.87)	65 (89.04)
Hemorrhagic	20 (16.13)	8 (10.96)
Motor deficit side			3.0722	0.215
Left	24 (19.35)	22 (30.14)
Right	29 (23.39)	16 (21.92)
Bilateral	71 (57.26)	35 (47.95)
Disease duration			2.0752	0.150
< 3	85 (68.55)	57 (78.08)
≥ 3	39 (31.45)	16 (21.92)
Smoking history			1.6442	0.200
Yes	45 (36.29)	20 (27.40)
No	79 (63.71)	53 (72.60)
Drinking history			1.3012	0.310
Yes	39 (31.45)	18 (24.66)
No	85 (68.55)	55 (75.34)
Combined hypertension			2.6052	0.107
Yes	64 (51.61)	29 (39.73)
No	60 (48.39)	44 (60.27)
Combined diabetes			5.4322	0.020
Yes	49 (39.52)	17 (23.29)
No	75 (60.48)	56 (76.71)
Combined hyperlipidemia			2.7272	0.099
Yes	52 (41.94)	22 (30.14)
No	72 (58.06)	51 (69.86)
History of falls in the past 1 year			10.0912	0.001
Yes	47 (37.90)	12 (16.44)
No	77 (62.10)	61 (83.56)
Walking aid			10.7052	0.001
Yes	56 (45.16)	16 (21.92)
No	68 (54.84)	57 (78.08)
Number of medications during hospitalization [n, M (Q25, Q75)]	5.00 (4.00, 7.00)	5.0 (4.00, 6.00)	-1.7643	0.078
Nocturia frequency			2.3472	0.126
> 3	26 (20.97)	9 (12.33)
≤ 3	98 (79.03)	64 (87.67)
FRQ [points, M (Q25, Q75)]	5.00 (4.00, 6.00)	4.0 (3.00, 5.00)	-3.6653	< 0.001
NIHSS [points, M (Q25, Q75)]	10.00 (8.00, 12.00)	9.0 (8.00, 10.00)	-4.0193	< 0.001
BI (points, mean ± SD)	62.98 ± 11.56	69.86 ± 14.35	-3.4871	< 0.001
FTSST (seconds, mean ± SD)	18.39 ± 3.48	17.14 ± 3.02	2.5671	0.011
TUGT (seconds, mean ± SD)	19.17 ± 3.96	18.16 ± 3.54	1.7891	0.075
FSBT [levels, M (Q25, Q75)]	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	3.0 (2.00, 4.00)	-3.8983	< 0.001

¹Independent samples t-test.

²χ² test.

³Mann-Whitney U test.

BMI: Body mass index; FRQ: Fall risk questionnaire; NIHSS: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; BI: Barthel Index; FTSST: Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test; TUGT: Timed Up & Go Test; FSBT: Four-Stage Balance Test.