Development and validation of a risk assessment model for fear of falling in elderly stroke patients

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between the training and internal test cohorts, n (%)

Characteristic	Training cohort (n = 197)	Validation cohort (n = 101)	Statistic	P value
Age (years, mean ± SD)	74.67 ± 4.49	74.30 ± 4.24	0.6861	0.494
Sex			0.9732	0.324
Male	119 (60.41)	55 (54.46)
Female	78 (39.59)	46 (45.54)
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)	24.54 ± 3.39	25.32 ± 2.97	1.9431	0.053
Educational level			1.6042	0.448
Primary school and below	20 (10.15)	7 (6.93)
Middle school	117 (59.39)	67 (66.34)
College and above	60 (30.46)	27 (26.73)
Marital status			0.9442	0.624
Married	163 (82.74)	87 (86.14)
Divorced	13 (6.60)	4 (3.96)
Widowed	21 (10.66)	10 (9.90)
Living situation			0.0832	0.774
Live alone	42 (21.32)	23 (22.77)
Live with family	155 (78.68)	78 (77.23)
Stroke type			0.1012	0.750
Ischemic	169 (85.79)	88 (87.13)
Hemorrhagic	28 (14.21)	13 (12.87)
Motor deficit side			1.6802	0.432
Left	46 (23.35)	22 (21.78)
Right	45 (22.84)	30 (29.70)
Bilateral	106 (53.81)	49 (48.51)
Disease duration			0.3412	0.559
< 3	142 (72.08)	76 (75.25)
≥ 3	55 (27.92)	25 (24.75)
Smoking history			0.0032	0.955
Yes	65 (32.99)	33 (32.67)
No	132 (67.01)	68 (67.33)
Drinking history			2.3222	0.128
Yes	57 (28.93)	38 (37.62)
No	140 (71.07)	63 (62.38)
Combined hypertension			0.5782	0.447
Yes	93 (47.21)	43 (42.57)
No	104 (52.79)	58 (57.43)
Combined diabetes			0.1002	0.752
Yes	66 (33.50)	32 (31.68)
No	131 (66.50)	69 (68.32)
Combined hyperlipidemia			0.1182	0.732
Yes	77 (36.84)	37 (41.57)
No	132 (63.16)	52 (58.43)
History of falls in the past 1 year			0.1602	0.689
Yes	61 (29.19)	26 (29.21)
No	148 (70.81)	63 (70.79)
Walking aid			0.0002	0.988
Yes	74 (37.56)	40 (39.60)
No	123 (62.44)	61 (60.40)
Number of medications during hospitalization [n, M (Q25, Q75)]	5.00 (4.00, 6.00)	5.00 (4.00, 7.00)	-1.1863	0.236
Nocturia frequency			1.3192	0.251
> 3	35 (17.77)	13 (12.87)
≤ 3	162 (82.23)	88 (87.13)
FRQ [points, M (Q25, Q75)]	5.00 (4.00, 6.00)	5.00 (4.00, 6.00)	-0.1053	0.916
NIHSS [points, M (Q25, Q75)]	9.00 (8.00, 11.00)	9.00 (7.00, 12.00)	-0.9473	0.344
BI (points, mean ± SD)	65.53 ± 13.07	65.98 ± 10.98	-0.2981	0.766
FTSST (seconds, mean ± SD)	17.93 ± 3.36	18.51 ± 3.77	-1.3551	0.177
TUGT (seconds, mean ± SD)	18.79 ± 3.83	19.23 ± 3.73	-0.9491	0.343
FSBT [levels, M (Q25, Q75)]	3.00 (2.00, 3.00)	3.00 (2.00, 3.00)	-0.0313	0.975

¹Independent samples t-test.

²χ² test.

³Mann-Whitney U test.

BMI: Body mass index; FRQ: Fall risk questionnaire; NIHSS: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; BI: Barthel Index; FTSST: Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test; TUGT: Timed Up & Go Test; FSBT: Four-Stage Balance Test.