Feasibility of human-in-the-loop multimodal generative artificial intelligence chatbot for school-based adolescent mental health support

Figure 2 Human-in-the-loop architecture and supervised safety workflow of the Duoduo system. Schematic illustration of how verbal, visual, and vocal inputs were processed into a summarized emotional context to support acceptance and commitment therapy -guided dialogue generation and response delivery, alongside the human-led risk review and escalation workflow (Supplementary material). RAG: Retrieval-augmented generation; LLM: Large language model; ACT: Acceptance and commitment therapy.