Do serum biomarker levels correlate with anxiety disorders?

doi:10.5498/wjp.122412

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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World J Psychiatry. Oct 19, 2026; 16(10): 122412
Published online Oct 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.122412

Table 1 Comparison of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor, aquaporin-4, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β levels between the two groups (mean ± SD)

Characteristics	Case group (n = 31)	Control group (n = 31)	P value	t value	Effect size (Cohen′s d)
BDNF (ng/mL)	13.21 ± 6.18	21.52 ± 6.48	< 0.05	-5.167	1.312
mBDNF (pg/mL)	537.01 ± 188.80	874.42 ± 463.69	< 0.05	-3.752	0.953
proBDNF (pg/mL)	1061.49 ± 451.74	729.10 ± 152.44	< 0.05	3.882	0.986
AQP4 (ng/mL)	39.23 ± 19.65	53.45 ± 12. 99	< 0.05	-3.361	0.854
GSK3β (pg/mL)	939.69 ± 249.02	771.28 ± 391.72	< 0.05	2.020	0.513

AQP4: Aquaporin-4; GSK3β: Glycogen synthase kinase-3β; BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; mBDNF: Mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor; proBDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor.

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Citation: Li XP, Ji HL, Luo SY, Zhu CY, Qiu YT, Zhang XL, Xu YL, Jiang L. Do serum biomarker levels correlate with anxiety disorders? World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(10): 122412
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i10/122412.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.122412

Li XP, Ji HL, Luo SY, Zhu CY, Qiu YT, Zhang XL, Xu YL, Jiang L. Do serum biomarker levels correlate with anxiety disorders? World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(10): 122412 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.122412]

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