Prognostic factors of depression and anxiety in infertile women with cesarean scar defects

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants by assisted reproductive technology outcome (pregnant vs non-pregnant), n (%)/mean ± SD

Variable	Pregnant (n = 51)	Non-pregnant (n = 49)	All (n = 100)	P value
Demographic characteristics
Age (years)	33.8 ± 4.1	35.3 ± 4.6	34.5 ± 4.4	0.079
BMI (kg/m²)	23.3 ± 2.6	23.9 ± 3.1	23.6 ± 2.9	0.290
Years of education	13.8 ± 2.4	13.2 ± 2.7	13.5 ± 2.6	0.248
Employed	38 (74.5)	34 (69.4)	72 (72.0)	0.556
Infertility characteristics
Infertility duration (years)	2.8 ± 1.5	3.7 ± 2.0	3.2 ± 1.8	0.012
Type: Primary	18 (35.3)	22 (44.9)	40 (40.0)	0.317
Prior ART attempts, mean	1.4 ± 0.9	1.9 ± 1.1	1.6 ± 1.0	0.017
CSD characteristics
CSD diameter (mm)	8.1 ± 2.0	9.0 ± 2.5	8.5 ± 2.3	0.046
Residual myometrium (mm)	3.6 ± 1.0	2.8 ± 1.1	3.2 ± 1.1	< 0.001
CSD severity-mild	26 (51.0)	9 (18.4)	35 (35.0)	< 0.001
CSD severity-moderate	19 (37.3)	18 (36.7)	37 (37.0)	0.954
CSD severity-severe	6 (11.8)	22 (44.9)	28 (28.0)	< 0.001
Baseline psychological scores
SAS score	54.2 ± 9.6	62.7 ± 10.3	58.3 ± 10.5	< 0.001
SDS score	52.1 ± 9.1	61.4 ± 10.0	56.6 ± 10.2	< 0.001
FertiQoL score	56.8 ± 8.4	47.9 ± 8.8	52.5 ± 9.3	< 0.001
Spousal support score	78.4 ± 9.2	68.3 ± 11.4	73.5 ± 11.2	< 0.001
ART laboratory parameters
AFC	11.4 ± 3.8	10.8 ± 4.1	11.1 ± 3.9	0.434
AMH (ng/mL)	2.8 ± 1.4	2.5 ± 1.6	2.7 ± 1.5	0.321
Oocytes retrieved (n)	12.1 ± 3.2	11.4 ± 3.7	11.8 ± 3.4	0.297
High-quality embryos (n)	5.6 ± 1.9	5.0 ± 2.2	5.3 ± 2.1	0.145

P < 0.05. BMI: Body mass index; CSD: Cesarean scar defect; ART: Assisted reproductive technology; SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (≥ 50 = anxiety); SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale (≥ 53 = depression); FertiQoL: Fertility Quality of Life scale; AFC: Antral follicle count; AMH: Anti-Müllerian hormone.