Impact of post-stroke depression on the prognosis of stroke-associated pneumonia and analysis of predictive factors: A retrospective study of 186 patients

Table 6 Clinical outcomes stratified by depression severity, mean ± SD

Characteristic	Mild (n = 42)	Moderate (n = 33)	Severe (n = 17)	P trend
HAMD-17 score	11.5 ± 2.5	19.8 ± 1.9	27.5 ± 3.2	< 0.001
Infection resolution (days)	14.2 ± 3.8	17.5 ± 4.2	20.5 ± 5.2	< 0.001
Hospital stays (days)	25.2 ± 6.5	29.8 ± 7.5	34.5 ± 9.2	< 0.001
MV duration (days)	6.8 ± 2.5	9.2 ± 3.0	11.5 ± 4.2	< 0.001
28-day mortality (%)	11.9	18.2	29.4	0.012
mRS ≥ 3 at discharge (%)	61.9	78.8	88.2	0.005
mRS ≥ 4 at discharge (%)	33.3	51.5	64.7	0.003
Barthel Index at discharge	55.2 ± 15.8	45.5 ± 18.2	35.8 ± 20.5	< 0.001
Composite adverse outcome (%)	42.9	60.6	82.4	< 0.001
Biomarkers (day 7)
BDNF (ng/mL)	14.5 ± 3.8	10.8 ± 3.5	7.8 ± 2.8	< 0.001
IL-6 (pg/mL)	35.2 ± 10.5	45.8 ± 12.2	52.8 ± 15.5	< 0.001
PCT (ng/mL)	2.25 ± 1.05	3.05 ± 1.35	3.85 ± 1.68	< 0.001
Cortisol (nmol/L)	378 ± 92	418 ± 105	462 ± 125	0.005
Lymphocyte (× 109/L)	1.08 ± 0.35	0.88 ± 0.28	0.72 ± 0.25	< 0.001
Albumin (g/L)	30.5 ± 4.2	27.8 ± 4.5	25.2 ± 5.5	0.002

P trend values were calculated using the Jonckheere-Terpstra test for ordered alternatives. HAMD-17: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; MV: Mechanical ventilation; mRS: Modified Rankin Scale; BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; IL-6: Interleukin-6; PCT: Procalcitonin.