Pakistani students’ physical activity and psychological well-being: A structural equation modeling approach

doi:10.5498/wjp.121800

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Observational Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Oct 19, 2026; 16(10): 121800
Published online Oct 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.121800

Table 4 Descriptive statistics and inter-correlations of study variables (n = 708)

Variable	mean ± SD	1	2	3	4	5	6
PA (MET-minute/week)	2580 ± 2110	-
Depression (DASS)	12.1 ± 4.5	-0.46^b	-
Anxiety (DASS)	11.5 ± 4.2	-0.41^b	0.78^b	-
Stress (DASS)	13.8 ± 4.8	-0.51^b	0.82^b	0.75^b	-
Self-efficacy (GSES)	28.5 ± 5.1	0.52^b	-0.58^b	-0.50^b	-0.60^b	-
Sleep quality (PSQI)	6.8 ± 2.9	-0.38^b	0.55^b	0.49^b	0.57^b	-0.48^b	-
Social support (MSPSS)	65.2 ± 11.3	0.45^b	-0.50^b	-0.44^b	-0.52^b	0.54^b	-0.41^b

^bP < 0.001, all correlations were in the expected direction and statistically significant (P < 0.001). The pattern of strong correlations provides preliminary support for the proposed relationships in the conceptual model, justifying the use of structural equation modeling.

PA: Physical activity; DASS: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale; GSES: General Self-Efficacy Scale; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; MSPSS: Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale.

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Citation: Laar RA, Xiang HX, Zhang Q, Liu RR. Pakistani students’ physical activity and psychological well-being: A structural equation modeling approach. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(10): 121800
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i10/121800.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.121800

Laar RA, Xiang HX, Zhang Q, Liu RR. Pakistani students’ physical activity and psychological well-being: A structural equation modeling approach. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(10): 121800 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.121800]

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