Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation plus sandplay therapy on children with autism spectrum disorder

doi:10.5498/wjp.119983

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Oct 19, 2026; 16(10): 119983
Published online Oct 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.119983

Table 1 Comparative analysis of general data, n (%)/mean ± SD

Item	Control group (n = 53)	Observation group (n = 56)	χ²/t/Z	P value
Age (years)	6.00 (5.00, 6.00)	5.00 (4.25, 6.00)	-0.984	0.325
Gender			0.281	0.596
Male	32 (60.38)	31 (55.36)
Female	21 (39.62)	25 (44.64)
Disease duration (month)	22.64 ± 10.47	21.23 ± 8.73
ASD severity			0.371	0.542
Mild to moderate	34 (64.15)	39 (69.64)
Severe	19 (35.85)	17 (30.36)
Developmental quotient	85.11 ± 6.45	83.79 ± 6.20	1.089	0.278
Parental education level			0.177	0.674
Below high school	32 (60.38)	36 (64.29)
High school or above	21 (39.62)	20 (35.71)
Place of residence			0.197	0.657
Urban	29 (54.72)	33 (58.93)
Rural	24 (45.28)	23 (41.07)

ASD: Autism spectrum disorder.

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Citation: Li T, Han L, Feng SB, Li ZL, Zhang G. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation plus sandplay therapy on children with autism spectrum disorder. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(10): 119983
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i10/119983.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.119983

Li T, Han L, Feng SB, Li ZL, Zhang G. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation plus sandplay therapy on children with autism spectrum disorder. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(10): 119983 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.119983]

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