Trajectories of anxiety and depression levels in older adult patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty

Table 5 Participants’ Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 items scores, mean ± SD or n (%)

	Time	Score	Mild depression/anxiety rate	Moderate depression/anxiety rate
HAMA	T0	10.41 ± 3.14	180 (86.54)	7 (3.37)
	T1	14.95 ± 4.31a	125 (60.10)	78 (37.50)
	T2	10.04 ± 2.85b,c	181 (87.02)	4 (1.92)
	T3	7.28 ± 2.07a,b,c	136 (65.38)	0 (0.00)
	F	205.716
	P value	< 0.001
HAMD-17	T0	11.55 ± 2.53	202 (97.12)	2 (0.96)
	T1	16.00 ± 3.19a	121 (58.17)	87 (41.83)
	T2	10.88 ± 3.06a,b	190 (91.35)	4 (1.92)
	T3	6.83 ± 1.97a,b,c	111 (53.37)	0 (0.00)
	F	393.407
	P value	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 compared with 3 days before operation.

^bP < 0.05 compared with 1 week after the procedure.

^cP < 0.05 compared with 1 month after the procedure.

T0: 3 days before operation; T1: 1 week after the procedure; T2: 1 month after the procedure; T3: 3 months after the procedure. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) 7-16 points: Mild anxiety rate; HAMA 17-24 points: Moderate anxiety rate; Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) 7-17 points: Mild depression rate; HAMD-17 17-24 points: Moderate depression. HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HAMD: Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression.