Sustained anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of botulinum toxin A in blepharospasm patients beyond motor symptom control

doi:10.5498/wjp.v16.i1.112973

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Psychiatry. Jan 19, 2026; 16(1): 112973
Published online Jan 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i1.112973

Table 3 Stepwise multiple logistic regression about Self-rating Depression Scale and Self-rating Anxiety Scale total and their subscale scores with botulinum toxin A treatment

Index¹	Category¹	OR²	P value²	95%CI²
SDS total score	25-29	Reference
	30-31	0.588	0.559	0.099-3.491
	≥ 32	0.074	0.021^a	0.008-0.678
SDS well-being index	5	Reference
	6	0.684	0.795	0.039-11.949
	> 6	0.098	0.039^a	0.011-0.892

^aP < 0.05.

¹Dependent variables.

²Independent variable (botulinum toxin A).

SDS: Self-rating Depression Scale; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

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Citation: He XY, Xu MY, Feng LY, Zhang JT, Jin LZ, Jin L, Ge JC, Zhang L, Zhang WB, Zhang L, Shen H, Yan J. Sustained anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of botulinum toxin A in blepharospasm patients beyond motor symptom control. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(1): 112973
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i1/112973.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i1.112973

He XY, Xu MY, Feng LY, Zhang JT, Jin LZ, Jin L, Ge JC, Zhang L, Zhang WB, Zhang L, Shen H, Yan J. Sustained anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of botulinum toxin A in blepharospasm patients beyond motor symptom control. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(1): 112973 [PMID: 41607435 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i1.112973]

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