Sustained anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of botulinum toxin A in blepharospasm patients beyond motor symptom control

Table 2 Comparison of motor symptom, anxious and depression scales and their subscale scores in blepharospasm between baseline and treatment, median (interquartile range)

	Baseline (n = 21)	Treatment (n = 21)	P value
Anxious and subscale scores
SAS	30 (25.5, 35.5)	27 (25, 30)	0.211
Anxiety and panic	5 (5, 7.5)	5 (5, 6)	0.580
Anxiety	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	0.712
Fear	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	1.000
Panic	1 (1, 2)	1 (1, 1.5)	0.429
Feeling crazy	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	0.299
Flushed face	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	0.288
Somatic control	6 (5, 8)	5 (5, 7.5)	0.441
Premonition of misfortune	1 (1, 2)	1 (1, 1.5)	0.755
Inability to sit still	1 (1, 1.5)	1 (1, 1)	0.019a
Dyspnea	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	0.317
Hyperhidrosis	1 (1, 1.5)	1 (1, 1)	0.738
Sleep disorder	1 (1, 2)	1 (1, 2)	0.808
Vestibular sensations	5 (5, 5.5)	5 (5, 6)	0.601
Trembling hands and feet	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	0.554
Palpitation	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	0.973
Dizziness	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1.5)	0.244
Syncope	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	0.317
Tingling of hands and feet	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	0.592
Gastrointestinal/muscular sensations	6 (5, 8)	5 (5, 6)	0.134
Headache	1 (1, 2)	1 (1, 1)	0.039a
Fatigue	1 (1, 1.5)	1 (1, 2)	0.407
Stomach pain and indigestion	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	0.076
Frequent urination	1 (1, 1.5)	1 (1, 1)	0.075
Nightmare	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	0.408
HAMA	2 (0, 3.5)	0 (0, 1.5)	0.094
Depression and subscale scores
SDS	30 (25, 34)	26 (25, 28.5)	0.096
Well-being index	5 (5, 8)	5 (5, 5)	0.029a
Decreased capacity	1 (1, 1.5)	1 (1, 1)	0.019a
Hard to decide	1 (1, 1.5)	1 (1, 1)	0.019a
Feeling of uselessness	1 (1, 2)	1 (1, 1)	0.052
Empty-minded	1 (1, 1.5)	1 (1, 1)	0.094
Loss of interest	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	0.158
Depressed mood index	3 (3, 3)	3 (3, 3)	0.607
Dejection	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	0.639
Weepiness	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	0.317
Sense of worthlessness	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	0.317
Somatic symptoms index	2 (2, 3)	2 (2, 3)	0.924
Palpitation	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	0.152
Fatigue	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 2)	0.435
Optimism index	2 (2, 3)	2 (2, 2)	0.091
Thought disorder	1 (1, 1.5)	1 (1, 1)	0.081
Despair	1 (1, 1.5)	1 (1, 1)	0.081
Items not clustered into an index	10 (8, 12)	9 (8, 10.5)	0.327
Heavy in the morning and light at night	1 (1, 2)	1 (1, 1)	0.334
Sleep disorder	1 (1, 3)	1 (1, 2.5)	0.820
Loss of appetite	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	1.000
Hyposexual interest	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	0.592
Weight loss	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	0.317
Constipation	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	0.576
Insecurity	1 (1, 1)	1 (1, 1)	0.311
Irritability	1 (1, 1.5)	1 (1, 1)	0.419
HAMD	2 (0, 3)	1 (0, 3)	0.395
Motor symptom and subscale scores
JRS	6 (5, 7)	6 (4, 6.5)	0.393
JRS-severity	3 (2, 3.5)	3 (2, 3)	0.685
JRS-frequency	3 (3, 3)	3 (2, 3)	0.190
BSDI	1 (0.71, 1.9)	0.83 (0.35, 1.415)	0.255

^aP < 0.05.

SAS: Self-rating Anxiety Scale; HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Scale; SDS: Self-rating Depression Scale; HAMD: Hamilton Depression Scale; JRS: Jankovic Rating Scale; BSDI: Blepharospasm Disability Index.