Sustained anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of botulinum toxin A in blepharospasm patients beyond motor symptom control

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of eligible patients at baseline, n (%)/mean ± SD

	Patients (n = 21)
Age, years	58.4 ± 9.5
Sex (female)	18 (85.7)
Education
Less than high school	14 (66.7)
High school	4 (19.1)
Bachelor or higher	3 (14.3)
Age at onset (years)	50.8 ± 9.5
Frequency of BoNT-A injection	9.3 (7.6)
Endpoint of evaluation (weeks)	23.4 ± 6.1
Assessment of anxious symptoms
SAS total score (median, IQR)	30.0 (25.5, 35.5)
Anxiety and panic	5.0 (5.0, 7.5)
Somatic control	6.0 (5.0, 8.0)
Vestibular sensations	5.0 (5.0, 5.5)
Gastrointestinal/muscular sensations	6.0 (5.0, 8.0)
HAMA (median, IQR)	2.0 (0, 3.5)
Assessment of depressive symptoms
SDS total score (median, IQR)	30.0 (25.0, 34.0)
Well-being index	5.0 (5.0, 8.0)
Depressed mood index	3.0 (3.0, 3.0)
Somatic symptoms index	2.0 (2.0, 3.0)
Optimism index	2.0 (2.0, 3.0)
Items not clustered into an index	10.0 (8.0, 12.0)
HAMD (median, IQR)	2.0 (0, 3.0)
Assessment of motor symptoms
JRS (median, IQR)	6.0 (5.0, 7.0)
JRS-severity	3.0 (2.0, 3.5)
JRS-frequency	3.0 (3.0, 3.0)
BSDI (median, IQR)	1.0 (0.7, 1.9)

BoNT-A: Botulinum toxin A; SAS: Self-rating Anxiety Scale; IQR: Interquartile range; HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Scale; SDS: Self-rating Depression Scale; HAMD: Hamilton Depression Scale; JRS: Jankovic Rating Scale; BSDI: Blepharospasm Disability Index.