Construction of a mental health literacy evaluation index system for adolescents with mental disorders

Table 1 Indicator system for evaluating mental health literacy among adolescents with mental disorders

Indicators	mean ± SD	Coefficient of variation	Weights
Basic knowledge concepts (first-level indicators)	4.71 ± 0.47	0.10	0.2081
Knowledge of mental health (secondary indicators)	4.29 ± 0.77	0.18	0.2395
Knowing that mental health is an important component of health	4.82 ± 0.39	0.08	0.2324
Knowing that mental health mainly includes emotional stability, happy mood, and good adaptability	4.53 ± 0.51	0.11	0.0911
Know the characteristics of psychological changes during adolescence	4.94 ± 0.24	0.05	0.3144
Knowing the impact of bad moods on mental health	4.59 ± 0.51	0.11	0.1208
Knowing that regular sleep can help maintain mental health	4.47 ± 0.51	0.11	0.0676
Knowing that indulgence in online games can cause physical and mental illnesses	4.76 ± 0.44	0.09	0.1737
Knowledge of mental disorders (secondary indicators)	4.76 ± 0.44	0.09	0.6232
The earlier a mental disorder is treated, the better the outcomes	4.94 ± 0.24	0.05	0.3290
Knowing that one's illness can be alleviated and recovered after effective treatment	4.76 ± 0.44	0.09	0.2002
Knowing that they should take medication as prescribed by the doctor and should not adjust the dosage of medication arbitrarily or stop taking medication on their own	4.94 ± 0.24	0.05	0.3290
Knowing that taking psychotropic drugs can prevent the disease from deteriorating	4.71 ± 0.47	0.10	0.1418
Knowledge of risk factors (secondary indicators)	4.24 ± 0.75	0.18	0.1373
Knowing that self-injurious behaviors (cuts and burns) are likely to aggravate mental and psychological problems	4.53 ± 0.51	0.11	0.2345
Knowing that physical and psychological trauma (e.g., emotional, physical abuse, etc.) can lead to psychosomatic disorders	4.47 ± 0.51	0.11	0.1381
Knowing that poor lifestyles (smoking, drinking, and overeating) can negatively impact mental health	4.88 ± 0.33	0.07	0.4893
Knowing that excessive academic stress can lead to anxiety and depression	4.47 ± 0.51	0.11	0.1381
Mental health attitudes (first-level indicators)	4.88 ± 0.33	0.07	0.4063
Attitude toward the treatment of mental disorders (secondary indicators)	4.82 ± 0.39	0.08	0.3333
Willing to take medication according to the doctor’s recommendations for a long time	4.94 ± 0.24	0.05	0.3394
Willing to cooperate with the treatment and rehabilitation management of the hospital medical staff	4.76 ± 0.44	0.09	0.1367
Willing to undergo psychotherapy under the guidance of psychological counselors	4.88 ± 0.33	0.07	0.2214
Willing to participate in life skills training (e.g., making bed and cleaning clothes)	4.53 ± 0.51	0.11	0.0811
Willing to make positive lifestyle adjustments to improve mental health	4.88 ± 0.33	0.07	0.2214
Attitude toward seeking psychological help (secondary indicators)	4.88 ± 0.33	0.07	0.6667
Taking the initiative to seek psychological help from parents, friends, or teachers	4.65 ± 0.49	0.11	0.1631
Taking the initiative to communicate with school psychologists to alleviate emotional conflicts	4.65 ± 0.49	0.11	0.1631
Actively seeking help from community hospitals or local health organizations to manage illnesses	4.71 ± 0.47	0.10	0.2818
Taking the initiative to ask doctors about their diagnosis and treatment and query them on aspects they do not understand about the treatment measures	4.59 ± 0.51	0.11	0.1101
Willingness to seek professional assessment and diagnosis from mental health professionals (e.g., psychologists and psychiatrists)	4.71 ± 0.47	0.10	0.2818
Mental health behaviors (first-level indicators)	4.82 ± 0.39	0.08	0.2875
Social adaptive behaviors (secondary indicators)	4.65 ± 0.49	0.11	0.3333
Positively responding to anxiety-provoking events or circumstances	4.29 ± 0.47	0.11	0.0958
Compliance with daily therapeutic care activities	4.41 ± 0.51	0.11	0.1408
Actively participating in extracurricular school activities (e.g., singing and chess)	4.53 ± 0.51	0.11	0.2397
Ability to actively socialize with peers in class group activities	4.47 ± 0.51	0.11	0.1842
Active participation in classroom group activities (e.g., table tennis and crafts)	4.65 ± 0.49	0.11	0.3395
Mental health promotion behaviors (secondary indicators)	4.71 ± 0.47	0.10	0.6667
Frequent exchange of experience in disease self-management with patients having the same disease	4.53 ± 0.51	0.11	0.1561
Adjusting and controlling diets according to one’s own condition	4.41 ± 0.51	0.11	0.0869
Taking the initiative to learn scientific and effective ways to reduce stress to relieve psychological pressure	4.41 ± 0.51	0.11	0.0869
Correctly recognizing and accepting oneself and finding one’s own position	4.59 ± 0.51	0.11	0.2048
Actively participating in mental health education lectures	4.47 ± 0.51	0.11	0.1265
Taking the initiative to participate in physical exercises (e.g., indoor jumping exercise, eight-duanjin, and taijiquan)	4.82 ± 0.39	0.08	0.3386
Mental health skills (first-level indicators)	4.41 ± 0.71	0.16	0.0981
Emotional regulation skills (secondary indicators)	4.59 ± 0.62	0.13	0.4905
Can relieve the stress of the exam by deep breathing	4.59 ± 0.51	0.11	0.1174
Can talk to parents and friends about their worries	4.71 ± 0.47	0.10	0.1832
Reflecting on the causes of their own emotional loss	4.47 ± 0.51	0.11	0.0969
Can vent their emotions through crying	4.41 ± 0.51	0.11	0.0721
Can calmly cope with unexpected emergencies	4.35 ± 0.61	0.14	0.0551
Can restrain their own bad emotions and use diversion and distraction to vent their emotions	4.88 ± 0.33	0.07	0.2920
Can use relaxation techniques (e.g., listening to music and meditation) to regulate their emotions	4.71 ± 0.47	0.10	0.1832
Mental illness recognition skills (secondary indicators)	4.35 ± 0.61	0.14	0.1976
Knowing that a persistent state of low mood can be seen in depressive disorders	4.59 ± 0.51	0.11	0.2818
Knowing that anxiety disorders can be recognized by the presence of nervousness and panic attacks	4.59 ± 0.51	0.11	0.2818
Knowing that obsessive-compulsive thinking and behavior can be seen in obsessive-compulsive disorder	4.53 ± 0.51	0.11	0.1631
Knowing that abnormal thinking, emotion, will, and behavior can be seen in schizophrenia	4.47 ± 0.51	0.11	0.1101
Knowing that the presence of alternating low and high mood can be seen in bi-directional affective disorder	4.53 ± 0.51	0.11	0.1631
Ability to acquire mental health information (secondary indicators)	4.53 ± 0.72	0.16	0.3119
Can acquire mental illness knowledge through short video platforms (e.g., Douyin, Kuaishou)	4.59 ± 0.51	0.11	0.1239
Be able to use cell phones or computers to retrieve mental health information	4.82 ± 0.39	0.08	0.2449
Can read and understand mental health brochures in hospitals or clinics	4.53 ± 0.51	0.11	0.0863
Can obtain knowledge about mental illness by consulting medical workers	4.94 ± 0.24	0.05	0.3832
Can obtain knowledge about mental health through community, hospital, or school campaigns	4.65 ± 0.49	0.11	0.1617