Correlation of ocular surface function with sleep quality, anxiety, and depression in patients with dry eye disease

Table 4 Distribution of ocular surface functions among the patients, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variable	Number	OSDI	TBUT	FL	SIT
Total	358 (100)	32.66 ± 6.79	4.69 ± 1.18	2.77 ± 0.52	4.84 ± 1.20
Age (years)
< 50	213 (59.50)	31.73 ± 6.29b	4.81 ± 1.23a	2.74 ± 0.53	4.92 ± 1.22
≥ 50	145 (40.50)	34.04 ± 7.27	4.52 ± 1.09	2.81 ± 0.49	4.71 ± 1.16
Gender
Female	243 (67.88)	32.69 ± 6.64	4.75 ± 1.22	2.77 ± 0.53	4.84 ± 1.18
Male	115 (32.12)	32.61 ± 7.13	4.57 ± 1.11	2.77 ± 0.50	4.82 ± 1.25
Degree of education
College or higher	77 (21.51)	32.23 ± 6.90	4.91 ± 1.09	2.72 ± 0.53	4.81 ± 1.24
Below college	281 (78.49)	32.78 ± 6.77	4.63 ± 1.20	2.78 ± 0.51	4.84 ± 1.19
Hypertension
No	239 (66.76)	32.20 ± 6.78	4.65 ± 1.17	2.73 ± 0.52	4.82 ± 1.24
Yes	119 (33.24)	33.60 ± 6.75	4.77 ± 1.22	2.83 ± 0.50	4.87 ± 1.12
Diabetes
No	283 (79.05)	32.51 ± 6.67	4.76 ± 1.18*	2.72 ± 0.51b	4.88 ± 1.22
Yes	75 (20.95)	33.24 ± 7.24	4.42 ± 1.17	2.97 ± 0.48	4.68 ± 1.10
Duration of illness
< 12 months	188 (52.51)	32.41 ± 6.65	4.76 ± 1.11	2.69 ± 0.52b	5.05 ± 1.21b
≥ 12 months	170 (47.49)	32.95 ± 6.95	4.61 ± 1.26	2.86 ± 0.50	4.60 ± 1.15

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

OSDI: Ocular surface disease index; TBUT: Tear film break-up time; FL: Fluorescein Staining Score; SIT: Schirmer I test.