Protective effect of Guanxinning on antipsychotic-induced cardiac impairment in long-term hospitalized psychiatric patients

Table 5 Between-group comparisons of secondary outcomes after 12 months of intervention, mean ± SD

Measures	Guanxinning intervention group (n = 60)	Control group (n = 60)	P values
Indicators of oxidative stress
SOD (U/mL)	98.6 ± 14.2	85.7 ± 13.5	< 0.001
MDA (nmol/mL)	3.9 ± 1.0	4.8 ± 1.2	< 0.001
GSH-Px (U/L)	185.3 ± 24.6	168.2 ± 23.8	< 0.001
Inflammatory markers
Hs-CRP (mg/L), median (interquartile spacing)	2.0 (1.1-3.2)	3.2 (1.9-5.0)	< 0.001a
IL-6 (pg/mL), median (interquartile spacing)	2.5 (1.7-3.6)	3.6 (2.5-5.2)	< 0.001a
TNF-α (pg/mL), median (interquartile spacing)	6.8 (5.0-9.1)	9.0 (6.8-11.9)	< 0.001a
Metabolic indices
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)	5.3 ± 0.6	5.6 ± 0.7	0.004
Total cholesterol (tendency/L)	4.6 ± 0.8	5.1 ± 0.9	0.001
Triglycerides (tendency/L), median (interquartile spacing)	1.6 (1.2-2.1)	2.0 (1.5-2.6)	0.002a
HbA1c (%)	5.6 ± 0.5	5.8 ± 0.5	0.045

^aP < 0.01.

SOD: Superoxide dismutase; MDA: Malondialdehyde; GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase; Hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c.