Emotion regulation habits and emotional states of college students during lockdown: A cross-sectional survey

Table 1 Comparison of negative emotion detection rates of students with different characteristics

Variable	n (%)	Depression		Anxiety		Stress
		n (%)	P value	n (%)	P value	n (%)	P value
Total	494 (100)	321 (65.0)	-	343 (69.4)	-	251 (50.8)	-
Gender			0.024	-	0.355	-	0.152
Male	205 (41.5)	145 (70.7)		147 (71.7)		112 (54.6)
Female	289 (58.5)	176 (60.9)		196 (67.8)		139 (48.1)
Grade			0.947	-	0.747	-	0.213
22	67 (13.6)	43 (64.2)		48 (71.6)		27 (40.3)
21	101 (20.4)	66 (65.3)		71 (70.3)		49 (48.5)
20	275 (55.7)	177 (64.4)		186 (67.6)		146 (53.1)
19	51 (10.3)	35 (68.6)		38 (74.5)		29 (56.9)
Home address			0.014	-	0.298	-	0.317
Henan Province	174 (35.2)	106 (60.9)		121 (69.5)		89 (51.1)
Non-Zhengzhou	231 (46.8)	165 (71.4)a		166 (71.9)		123 (53.2)
Zhengzhou	89 (18.0)	50 (56.2)		56 (62.9)		39 (43.8)
Household			0.044	-	0.110	-	0.386
City	281 (56.9)	172 (61.2)		187 (66.5)		138 (49.1)
Country	213 (43.1)	149 (70.0)		156 (73.2)		113 (53.1)
Family economic situation			0.005	-	0.127	-	0.017
Superior	8 (1.6)	7 (87.5)		7 (87.5)		6 (75.0)
Well	108 (21.9)	60 (55.6)b		70 (64.8)		50 (46.3)
Normal	291 (58.9)	186 (63.9)		198 (68.0)		139 (47.8)b
Low-income	87 (17.6)	68 (78.2)		68 (78.2)		56 (64.4)
Major			0.751	-	0.104	-	0.187
Science	84 (17.0)	56 (66.7)		55 (65.5)		41 (48.8)
Humanities	148 (30.0)	97 (65.5)		109 (73.6)		78 (52.7)
Engineering	150 (30.4)	100 (66.7)		110 (73.3)		84 (56.0)
Medicine	112 (22.7)	68 (60.7)		69 (61.6)		48 (42.9)
Frequency of sleeping late/week			0.003	-	0.016	-	0.024
0-1	43 (8.7)	22 (51.2)c		22 (51.2)c		17 (39.5)
2-3	107 (21.7)	58 (54.2)c		69 (64.5)		45 (42.1)
4-5	114 (23.1)	76 (66.7)		83 (72.8)		57 (50.0)
6-7	230 (46.6)	165 (71.7)		169 (73.5)		132 (57.4)
Frequency of contact with parents/week			0.019	-	0.181	-	0.294
0-1	123 (24.9)	94 (76.4)d		94 (76.4)		71 (57.7)
2-3	210 (42.5)	126 (60.0)		143 (68.1)		102 (48.6)
4-5	90 (18.2)	58 (64.4)		62 (68.9)		46 (51.1)
6-7	71 (14.4)	43 (60.6)		44 (62.0)		32 (45.1)
Academic stress			< 0.001	-	< 0.001	-	< 0.001
Yes	377 (76.3)	268 (71.1)		280 (74.3)		215 (57.0)
No	117 (23.7)	53 (45.3)		63 (53.8)		36 (30.8)
Same-sex friends			< 0.001	-	< 0.001	-	< 0.001
Non	93 (18.8)	76 (81.7)e		77 (82.8)e		62 (66.7)e
1-2	241 (48.8)	162 (67.2)e		170 (70.5)		125 (51.9)e
3-4	121 (24.5)	58 (47.9)		69 (57.0)		45 (37.2)
5 or more	39 (7.9)	25 (64.1)		27 (69.2)		19 (48.7)
Opposite-sex friends			0.096	-	0.045	-	0.082
Non	254 (51.4)	171 (67.3)		183 (72.0)e		130 (51.2)
1-2	205 (41.5)	133 (64.9)		140 (68.3)		106 (51.7)
3-4	24 (4.9)	10 (41.7)		11 (45.8)		7 (29.2)
5 or more	11 (2.2)	7 (63.6)		9 (81.8)		8 (72.7)

^aP < 0.05 vs Zhengzhou group, after Bonferroni adjustment.

^bP < 0.05 vs low-income group, after Bonferroni adjustment.

^cP < 0.05 vs 6-7 groups, after Bonferroni adjustment.

^dP < 0.05 vs 2-3 groups, after Bonferroni adjustment.

^eP < 0.05 vs 3-4 groups, after Bonferroni adjustment.