Disease duration-stratified associations of thyroid hormone levels with psychopathology in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study

Table 4 Univariate analysis of general information and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale profile scores in patients with stable schizophrenia

Variable	PANSS profile
	Standardized β (disease duration: 0-10 years, n = 58)				Standardized β (disease duration: 10.1-20 years, n = 74)				Standardized β (disease duration: > 20 years, n = 105)
	Total score	Positive symptoms	Negative symptoms	General psychopathology	Total score	Positive symptoms	Negative symptoms	General psychopathology	Total score	Positive symptoms	Negative symptoms	General psychopathology
Age	0.136	0.04	0.173	0.095	-0.125	-0.128	-0.033	-0.152	0.16	0.24a	0.019	0.136
Sex	0.09	0.027	0.155	0.022	0.294a	0.136	0.253a	0.336a	0.167	0.153	0.129	0.133
BMI (kg/m²)	0.03	-0.055	0.156	-0.037	-0.026	-0.038	-0.022	-0.024	-0.1	0.007	-0.037	-0.176
Marital status	-0.135	-0.099	-0.212	0.001	-0.036	0.051	-0.056	-0.113	0.059	0.011	0.111	0.006
Education attainment	-0.109	-0.145	-0.167	0.059	0.081	0.157	-0.025	0.055	-0.247a	-0.127	-0.181	-0.263a
Hospitalization duration	-0.126	-0.091	-0.058	-0.143	-0.027a	-0.25a	-0.166	-0.248a	-0.253a	-0.102	-0.218a	-0.279a
Family psychiatric history	0.071	0.004	0.088	-0.067	-0.183	-0.112	-0.133	-0.202	0.087	0.038	0.036	0.133
First episode	-0.033	0.205	-0.058	-0.053	0.038	-0.138	0.169	0.067	-0.117	-0.008	-0.154	-0.094
Smoking	0.043	0.161	-0.138	0.089	0.164	0.216	0.062	0.091	-0.331b	-0.242a	-0.276a	-0.258a
Alcohol use	0.003	0.111	-0.138	0.043	0.062	0.066	0.061	0.012	-0.139	-0.094	-0.133	-0.092
Age at onset	0.138	0.049	0.169	0.100	-0.116	-0.079	-0.064	-0.151	0.056	0.176	-0.102	0.075
Antipsychotics type	-0.4b	-0.423b	-0.097	-0.416b	0.183	0.169	0.054	0.204	0.062	0.117	0.019	0.032
Chlorpromazine equivalent dose	-0.012	0.038	-0.071	0.009	0.264a	0.397b	-0.021	0.255a	-0.139	0.063	-0.193	-0.150
Chronic diseases	0.143	0.04	0.157	0.128	0.06	-0.093	0.18	0.057	0.088	0.078	0.04	0.081
Vision impairment	-0.032	0.057	-0.047	-0.079	0.029	0.008	-0.041	0.092	0.029	0.053	-0.025	0.054
Hearing impairment	0.116	0.008	0.111	0.143	0.168	0.216	0.291a	0.194	-0.025	-0.013	-0.062	0.022
Falls history	-0.035	-0.118	0.007	0.024	0.104	-0.079	0.13	0.199	0.116	0.148	0.064	0.085
COVID-19 infection history	-0.261a	-0.305a	-0.051	-0.258a	0.125	-0.021	0.203	0.102	-0.008	-0.054	0.023	0.009
PHQ-9 (depression)	0.007	-0.002	-0.1	0.119	0.262a	0.067	0.277a	0.302a	0.165	0.051	0.118	0.219a
GAD-7 (anxiety)	-0.036	-0.051	-0.194	0.163	0.247a	0.257a	0.08	0.285a	0.138	0.112	0.029	0.198a
MoCA-C (cognitive function)	-0.112	0.015	-0.299a	0.037	-0.434b	-0.123	-0.515b	-0.41b	-0.494b	-0.041	-0.589b	-0.481b

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

BMI: Body mass index; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; GAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item; MoCA-C: Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Chinese version.