Community-based assisted screening for mild cognitive impairment using gait and handwriting kinematic parameters analysis

Table 1 Participant demographics characteristics between groups, mean ± SD/n (%)

Basic characteristics	MCI group (n = 34)	CN group (n = 61)	t/χ2/Z	P value
Age	84.26 ± 7.85	80.26 ± 11.02	-1.868	0.065
Sex			0.623	0.430
Male	8 (23.53)	19 (31.15)
Female	26 (76.47)	42 (68.85)
Education level			-0.953	0.340
Primary school	10 (29.41)	23 (37.70)
Junior school	10 (29.41)	17 (27.87)
High School	9 (26.47)	16 (26.23)
College and above	5 (14.71)	5 (8.20)
Occupation1			0.411	0.522
Brain work	25 (73.53)	41 (67.21)
Physical work	9 (26.47)	20 (32.79)
Marital status			0.012	0.914
Single (divorced, widowed)	16 (47.06)	28 (45.90)
Married	18 (52.94)	33 (54.10)
Residence			2.473	0.116
Living alone	10 (29.41)	28 (73.68)
Living with spouse/children	24 (70.59)	33 (54.10)
Monthly income			-0.625	0.532
Low (≤ 1000)	1 (2.94)	0 (0.00)
Middle (1000-3000)	1 (2.94)	2 (3.28)
High (≥ 3000)	32 (94.12)	59 (96.72)
Region of residence			1.212	0.271
Urban	32 (94.12)	53 (86.89)
Rural	2 (5.88)	8 (13.11)
Physical activity2			-1.456	0.145
Low	19 (55.88)	25 (40.98)
Middle	11 (32.35)	24 (39.34)
High	4 (11.76)	12 (19.67)
Family history of Dementia	2 (5.88)	3 (4.92)	0.041	0.840
Current smoker	0 (0.00)	2 (3.28)	1.139	0.286
Alcohol Consumption	0 (0.00)	6 (9.84)	3.570	0.059
Multimorbidity3	14 (41.18)	26 (42.62)	0.019	0.891
MMSE	25.03 ± 2.04	27.07 ± 2.12	4.549	< 0.001
MoCA-B	17.35 ± 2.89	23.23 ± 2.53	10.318	< 0.001

¹Occupation: Brain work include civil servant, teacher, healthcare professional, accountant and police officer[32]; Physical work include farmer, laborer, employee and tailor.

²Use of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short form questionnaire[33].

³Multimorbidity: ≥ 2 comorbidities.

MCI: Mild cognitive impairment; CN: Cognitively normal; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA-B: Montreal cognitive assessment basic.