Impact of childhood trauma and parental socialization on at-risk mental state in non-clinical adolescents

Table 4 Ordinal logistic regression: Dependent variable group (control, low-risk, intermediate-risk, or high-risk of ARMS)

Variable	Unadjusted model			Adjusted model
	OR	95%CI	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
Sex (female)	1.659	1.225-2.247	0.001b	1.004	0.676-1.492	0.984
Substance use	3.568	1.489-8.550	0.004b	1.735	0.581-5.178	0.323
Bullying	2.110	1.246-3.571	0.005b	1.402	0.740-2.653	0.300
Potential mental health need	2.297	1.345-3.922	0.002b	1.543	0.840-2.836	0.162
Affect and communication	0.937	0.922-0.952	< 0.001c	0.971	0.946-0.997	0.029a
Control and structure	0.959	0.932-0.987	0.005b	1.017	0.969-1.067	0.499
DTS score	1.055	1.047-1.063	< 0.001c	1.046	1.037-1.056	< 0.001c
Physical-emotional neglect	2.037	1.121-3.702	0.020a	1.039	0.463-2.328	0.927
Abuse	2.996	1.756-5.110	< 0.001c	1.931	0.999-3.734	0.050
Other traumas	1.607	1.111-2.325	0.012a	1.785	1.091-2.919	0.021a

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

DTS: Davidson Trauma Scale; CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio.