Modulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 in liver-brain axis disorders

Table 4 Natural monomers modulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway to mitigate hepatitis C virus

Monomers	Disease models	Mechanisms	Role	Ref.
Andrographolide	HCV	Increases biliverdin levels	Improve	Narożna et al[150]
Celastrol	HCV	Enhances antiviral interferon responses, suppresses NS3/4A protease activity	Improve	Hassan et al[151]
Lucidone	HCV	Increases biliverdin levels	Improve	Sun et al[152]
Sulforaphane	HCV	Enhances IFN responses, suppresses NS3 protease activity	Improve	Fu et al[153]
Curcumin	HCV	Induces HO-1, inhibits PI3-AKT pathway	Improve	Chopra and Dhingra[154]

HCV: Hepatitis C virus; NS: Nonstructural; IFN: Interferon; HO-1: Heme oxygenase-1; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; AKT: Protein kinase B.