Modulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 in liver-brain axis disorders

Table 1 Natural monomers modulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway to mitigate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Monomers	Disease models	Mechanisms	Role	Ref.
Quercetin	NAFLD	Regulates hepatic lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammatory response	Improve	Bender et al[94]
Silymarin	NASH	Suppresses HSCs activation and TNF-α	Improve	Keum[95]
Berberine	NAFLD	Regulates lipid metabolism and inflammation	Improve	Cominacini et al[96]
Ginsenoside	NAFLD	Prevent lipid accumulation and oxidative damage	Improve	Abdalkader et al[97]
Capillin	NASH	Mitigates hepatocyte apoptosis, lipid accumulation, and oxidative damage	Improve	Björnsson and Björnsson[98]
Baicalin	NASH	Modulates mitochondrial function, suppresses pyroptosis	Improve	Rousta et al[99]
Aloin	NASH	Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic	Improve	Emad et al[100]
Flavones	NASH	Attenuates oxidative stress and liver inflammation	Improve	Zhai et al[101]
Linalool	NAFLD	Suppresses lipid accumulation and oxidative stress	Improve	Jin et al[102]
Wogonoside	NAFLD	Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory	Improve	Gao et al[103]
Scutellarin	NAFLD	Reduces oxidative stress, improves hepatic function	Improve	Pan et al[104]; Li et al[105]
Naringin	NAFLD	Suppresses NF-κB/TNF-α axis and triglyceride synthesis	Improve	Wu et al[106]
Geniposide	NAFLD	Reduces lipid accumulation	Improve	Shen et al[18]
Dehydroabietic acid	NAFLD	Inhibits ROS accumulation and MDA levels	Improve	Liu and Hou[107]

NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; HSC: Hepatic stellate cell; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa-B; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; MDA: Malondialdehyde.