Global burden of mental disorders in 204 countries and territories results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Table 3 The global age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years for 12 mental disorders in 2021, and percentage change from 1990 to 2021

World region	Number of DALYs in 2021	ASDR per 100000 in 2021	1990-20211	2019-20211
Anxiety disorders
Total	42509645.28	524.33 (363.05, 716.25)	18.16 (15.57, 20.95)	19.11 (16.59, 21.48)
Male	16113657.45	396.91 (272.28, 547.66)	18.17 (15.38, 20.95)	17.82 (15.18, 20.39)
Female	26395987.83	652.16 (453.44, 887.15)	18.42 (15.76, 21.32)	19.98 (17.45, 22.47)
Major depressive disorder
Total	46018844.07	557.87 (381.19, 760.70)	16.07 (13.19, 18.96)	18.08 (15.86, 20.45)
Male	17895582.75	436.59 (297.51, 595.74)	19.16 (16.46, 22.27)	17.82 (15.39, 20.42)
Female	28123261.33	678.54 (464.94, 923.36)	14.32 (11.21, 17.39)	18.36 (15.98, 20.75)
Schizophrenia
Total	14816611.18	177.75 (131.51, 228.79)	0.64 (-0.48, 1.71)	-0.14 (-0.86, 0.60)
Male	7870786.02	188.96 (139.92, 243.73)	0.89 (-0.43, 2.20)	-0.10 (-1.12, 0.89)
Female	6945825.16	166.40 (122.80, 213.92)	0.46 (-0.89, 1.81)	-0.19 (-1.25, 0.84)
Bipolar disorder
Total	8007783.13	166.40 (122.80, 213.92)	0.29 (-1.14, 1.65)	-0.16 (-0.73, 0.39)
Male	3869179.30	94.16 (60.91, 135.74)	2.07 (0.43, 3.66)	-0.02 (-0.79, 0.77)
Female	4138603.83	100.48 (65.15, 143.98)	-1.29 (-2.74, 0.10)	-0.29 (-1.12, 0.45)
Dysthymia
Total	10311517.07	123.27 (79.24, 174.71)	2.82 (1.16, 4.58)	1.81 (0.56, 2.98)
Male	4315356.20	103.91 (66.67, 147.42)	2.18 (-0.10, 4.21)	1.77 (0.19, 3.36)
Female	5996160.87	142.62 (91.89, 202.72)	3.22 (1.05, 5.45)	1.84 (0.10, 3.71)
Anorexia nervosa
Total	798443.32	10.31 (6.42, 16.25)	5.18 (3.05, 7.45)	-0.85 (-2.28, 0.80)
Male	219973.16	5.59 (3.35, 9.02)	9.03 (5.73, 12.45)	-0.24 (-3.02, 2.76)
Female	578470.16	15.18 (9.53, 23.90)	4.10 (1.47, 6.85)	-1.02 (-2.63, 0.71)
Bulimia nervosa
Total	2604702.47	33.05 (18.64, 55.29)	20.06 (18.37, 21.94)	0.18 (-0.85, 1.22)
Male	1040190.47	26.01 (14.68, 43.25)	24.62 (21.930, 27.48)	0.917 (-0.504, 2.41)
Female	1564512.00	40.297 (22.67, 66.23)	17.32 (15.07, 19.47)	-0.26 (-1.53, 1.04)
Autism spectrum disorders
Total	11544038.08	147.55 (100.21, 208.15)	2.11 (0.55, 3.41)	-0.02 (-0.75, 0.69)
Male	7896838.23	199.80 (136.29, 281.96)	1.97 (0.08, 3.54)	-0.09 (-1.02, 0.81)
Female	3647199.85	94.45 (64.55, 133.017)	2.23 (0.96, 3.69)	0.13 (-0.73, 1.09)
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Total	1030941.35	13.49 (7.41, 21.89)	-9.68 (-11.90, -7.29)	-0.07 (-1.96, 1.99)
Male	742263.67	19.04 (10.44, 30.75)	-9.81 (-12.51, -6.80)	0.06 (-2.55, 2.68)
Female	288677.68	7.69 (4.18, 12.69)	-9.93 (-12.83, -6.63)	-0.44 (-2.87, 2.11)
Conduct disorder
Total	5002614.36	67.68 (36.75, 105.51)	3.03 (1.42, 4.86)	-0.11 (-0.75, 0.54)
Male	3257831.43	85.60 (47.16, 132.77)	1.79 (0.13, 3.94)	-0.08 (-0.92, 0.73)
Female	1744782.93	48.67 (26.08, 76.31)	4.74 (2.21, 6.96)	-0.14 (-1.19, 1.03)
Other mental disorders
Total	8962343.98	106.59 (68.18, 160.68)	-0.34 (-1.06, 0.33)	-0.22 (-0.72, 0.24)
Male	5287137.39	127.47 (81.99, 191.81)	-0.52 (-1.37, 0.23)	-0.19 (-0.81, 0.39)
Female	3675206.59	86.08 (55.86, 127.90)	-0.16 (-0.99, 0.72)	-0.28 (-1.04, 0.38)

¹Percentage change of age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years rate.

DALY: Disability-adjusted life-year; ASDR: Age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year rate.