Diagnosis and etiology of poststroke depression: A review

Table 1 Diagnostic criteria for poststroke depression in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Classification of Diseases, eleventh revision

	DSM-5	ICD-11
Fully specified name	Depressive disorder due to another medical condition	Mood syndrome due to health condition not classified under mental and behavioral disorders
Diagnostic criteria
(1) Symptoms	One of following symptoms:	Prominent depressive, manic, or mixed mood symptoms
	(1) Prominent and persistent period of depressed mood
	(2) Markedly diminished interest pleasure in all activities
(2) Medical conditions (stroke)	Evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings	Evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings
(3) Etiological relation	(1) A temporal association between the onset, exacerbation, or remission of the general medical condition and that of the mood disturbance	(1) The medical condition is known to be capable of producing the symptoms
	(2) Features that are atypical of primary Mood Disorders (e.g., atypical age at onset or course or absence of family history)	(2) The course of the mood symptoms (e.g., onset, remission, response of the mood symptoms to treatment of the etiological medical condition) is consistent with causation by the medical condition
	(3) Evidence from the literature that suggests that there can be a direct association between the general medical condition in question
	(4) The development of mood symptoms can provide a useful context in the assessment of a particular situation
(4) Exclusion	(1) Adjustment disorder, with depressed mood, in which the stressor is a serious medical condition	(1) Delirium, dementia, another mental disorder (e.g., adjustment disorder, depressive disorder, bipolar I disorder)
	(2) Delirium	(2) Secondary catatonia syndrome
	(3) Medication-induced depressive disorder	(3) Effects of a medication or substance, including withdrawal effects
(5) Stress or impairment	Social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning	Sufficiently severe to be a specific focus of clinical attention
(6) Specifiers	(1) With depressive features: Full criteria are not met for a major depressive episode	(1) With depressive symptoms
	(2) With major depressive-like episode: Full criteria are met for a major depressive episode	(2) With manic symptoms
	(3) With mixed features: Symptoms of mania or hypomania are also present but do not predominate in the clinical picture	(3) With mixed symptoms
		(4) With unspecified symptoms

DSM-5: The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; ICD-11: The International Classification of Diseases, eleventh revision.