Permissive hypercapnia combined with goal-directed fluid therapy improve postoperative mental health in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery

Table 6 Multivariate analysis of postoperative anxiety and depression

Risk factor	Variable	OR (95%CI)	P value
Postoperative anxiety (HAD-A ≥ 7)	PH + GDFT intervention	0.38 (0.24-0.62)	0.001
	Age ≥ 75 years	1.85 (1.32-2.59)	0.003
	IL-6 levels at 24 hours (pg/mL)	1.42 (1.18-1.71)	0.002
	PSQI > 5	2.13 (1.56-2.91)	< 0.001
	Postoperative complications	2.45 (1.73-3.46)	< 0.001
	Postoperative pain score (NRS)	1.25 (1.05-1.48)	0.012
	Duration of surgery (≥ 120 minutes)	1.60 (1.10-2.33)	0.015
Postoperative depression (HAD-D ≥ 7)	PH + GDFT intervention	0.41 (0.26-0.65)	0.001
	Age ≥ 75 years	1.78 (1.25-2.53)	0.002
	IL-6 levels at 24 hours (pg/mL)	1.35 (1.12-1.63)	0.003
	PSQI > 5	2.05 (1.48-2.84)	< 0.001
	Postoperative complications	2.30 (1.60-3.33)	< 0.001
	Postoperative pain score (NRS)	1.30 (1.08-1.56)	0.007
	Duration of surgery (≥ 120 minutes)	1.55 (1.08-2.22)	0.018

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; HAD: Hospital Anxiety and Depression; PH: Permissive hypercapnia; GDFT: Goal-directed fluid therapy; IL: Interleukin; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; NRS: Numeric rating scale.