Permissive hypercapnia combined with goal-directed fluid therapy improve postoperative mental health in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery

Table 4 Inflammatory response analysis of inflammatory markers

Inflammatory marker	Study group (n = 60)	Control group (n = 60)	P value
IL-6 (pg/mL)	42.3 ± 8.5	68.7 ± 12.4	< 0.001
TNF-α (pg/mL)	28.4 ± 5.6	45.2 ± 8.9	< 0.001
CRP (mg/L)	38.5 ± 7.2	62.4 ± 11.3	< 0.001
IL-1β (pg/mL)	12.5 ± 3.4	18.7 ± 4.5	0.002
IL-10 (pg/mL)	15.2 ± 2.8	10.5 ± 2.1	0.001
MCP-1 (pg/mL)	20.3 ± 4.2	28.6 ± 5.8	0.003
IFN-γ (pg/mL)	9.8 ± 2.3	14.5 ± 3.7	0.004
S100A8 (ng/mL)	1.2 ± 0.3	2.1 ± 0.5	0.001

IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor α; CRP: C-reactive protein; MCP: Monocyte chemoattractant protein; IFN-γ: Interferon-gamma.