Permissive hypercapnia combined with goal-directed fluid therapy improve postoperative mental health in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery

Table 3 Anxiety and depression scores

Indicator	Study group (n = 60)	Control group (n = 60)	P value
Anxiety score (mean ± SD)	5.2 ± 1.4	7.8 ± 1.6	0.001
Depression score (mean ± SD)	4.8 ± 1.2	7.1 ± 1.5	0.001
Patients with clinically significant anxiety (HAD score ≥ 7) (%)	15.0% (9/60)	35.0% (21/60)	0.008
Patients with clinically significant depression (HAD score ≥ 7) (%)	13.3% (8/60)	31.7% (19/60)	0.012
FOP score (mean ± SD)	3.5 ± 1.0	5.0 ± 1.2	0.002
FAB score (mean ± SD)	2.8 ± 0.9	4.2 ± 1.1	0.003
Psychological resilience score (mean ± SD)	7.5 ± 1.5	5.8 ± 1.4	0.001
PostopQRS score (mean ± SD)	85.2 ± 10.3	72.4 ± 12.1	0.001

FAB: Fear avoidance belief; FOP: Fear of pain; HAD: Hospital Anxiety and Depression; PostopQRS: Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale.