Clinical manifestations of anxiety and depression in sepsis-associated encephalopathy and multi-omics identification of cluster of differentiation 38 as an early biomarker

Figure 1 Key protein analysis. A: Principal component analysis plot, where each point represents a sample, and different colors indicate different groups. The closer the samples are, the more similar their expression patterns; the farther the samples are, the greater the differences in their expression patterns; B: Differential protein volcano plot, with the X-axis representing log₂ fold change values and the Y-axis representing log10 (adjusted P value). Red dots represent upregulated proteins, blue dots represent downregulated proteins, and gray dots represent proteins with no significant expression differences. The left plot shows the data for sepsis vs control, and the right plot shows the data for sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) vs sepsis; C: Differential protein heatmap, where the color represents the relative expression levels of proteins, with red indicating relatively high expression and blue indicating relatively low expression. The left plot shows the data for sepsis vs control, and the right plot shows the data for SAE vs sepsis; D: Intersection proteins; E: Intersection protein heatmap, where the color represents the relative expression levels of proteins, with red indicating relatively high expression and blue indicating relatively low expression. Control refers to the control group, Case 1 refers to the sepsis group, and Case 2 refers to the SAE group. PCA: Principal component analysis; FC: Fold change; DEP: Differentially expressed proteins; SAE: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy; CD: Cluster of differentiation.