Clinical manifestations of anxiety and depression in sepsis-associated encephalopathy and multi-omics identification of cluster of differentiation 38 as an early biomarker

Table 8 Comparison of basic characteristics between validation and modeling sets, mean ± SD/n (%)

	Modeling set (n = 58)	Validation set (n = 42)	χ2/t/Z	P value
Age (IQR)	78.00 (71.00, 85.00)	77.50 (70.25, 87.50)	0.059	0.953
Weight (kg)	62.24 ± 11.66	62.24 ± 10.99	0.001	0.999
Height (cm)	163.60 ± 7.29	164.64 ± 7.91	0.679	0.499
BMI (IQR)	22.89 (20.72, 25.20)	22.90 (20.76, 25.38)	0.878	0.889
APACHE2 score (IQR)	16.00 (12.00, 22.75)	18.00 (10.00, 21.00)	0.276	0.782
Total bilirubin (μmol/L) (IQR)	10.05 (7.00, 15.60)	11.85 (7.10, 16.03)	0.475	0.635
Urea nitrogen (mmol/L) (IQR)	12.85 (9.35, 18.25)	10.20 (6.25, 17.12)	1.826	0.068
IL-5 (pg/mL) (IQR)	1.59 (1.47, 1.68)	1.91 (0.72, 2.88)	0.137	0.891
α-interferon (pg/mL) (IQR)	1.35 (0.72, 1.91)	1.64 (1.25, 1.89)	1.823	0.068
IL-2 (pg/mL) (IQR)	1.43 (1.08, 2.16)	1.54 (0.87, 2.21)	0.388	0.698
IL-6A (pg/mL) (IQR)	35.10 (11.59, 86.34)	55.60 (11.86, 425.99)	1.690	0.091
IL-1β (pg/mL) (IQR)	2.50 (2.33, 6.89)	2.83 (1.55, 5.16)	1.513	0.130
IL-10 (pg/mL) (IQR)	2.29 (1.42, 3.92)	2.75 (1.07, 16.67)	1.017	0.309
γ-interferon (pg/mL) (IQR)	2.36 (2.28, 3.38)	2.77 (2.20, 4.72)	0.744	0.457
IL-8 (pg/mL) (IQR)	2.55 (1.54, 7.40)	6.06 (1.64, 12.38)	1.265	0.206
IL-17 (pg/mL) (IQR)	4.19 (4.19, 5.53)	4.56 (1.89, 11.00)	0.032	0.975
IL-4 (pg/mL) (IQR)	0.72 (0.65, 0.82)	0.73 (0.67, 1.03)	1.761	0.078
IL-12 (pg/mL) (IQR)	1.62 (1.09, 1.62)	1.48 (0.80, 1.62)	1.710	0.087
WBC (109/L) (IQR)	11.49 (9.45, 14.01)	12.04 (6.03, 15.48)	0.381	0.703
CRP (mg/L) (IQR)	79.50 (27.25, 121.75)	89.00 (50.25, 151.25)	1.550	0.121
Gender			0.016	0.899
Male	38 (65.52)	27 (64.29)
Female	20 (34.48)	15 (35.71)
Diabetes			0.312	0.577
No	35 (60.34)	23 (54.76)
Yes	23 (39.66)	19 (45.24)
Hyperlipidemia			0.166	0.684
No	55 (94.83)	39 (92.86)
Yes	3 (5.17)	3 (7.14)
Hypertension			0.300	0.584
No	21 (36.21)	13 (30.95)
Yes	37 (63.79)	29 (69.05)
Coronary artery disease			0.090	0.764
No	30 (51.72)	23 (54.76)
Yes	28 (48.28)	19 (45.24)
CKD/AKI			0.731	0.392
o	24 (41.38)	21 (50.00)
Yes	34 (58.62)	21 (50.00)
Liver dysfunction			0.137	0.711
No	38 (65.52)	29 (69.05)
Yes	20 (34.48)	13 (30.95)
Fever			1.750	0.186
No	21 (36.21)	10 (23.81)
Yes	37 (63.79)	32 (76.19)
Pulmonary infection			2.532	0.112
No	16 (27.59)	18 (42.86)
Yes	42 (72.41)	24 (57.14)
Urinary tract infection			0.027	0.870
No	45 (77.59)	32 (76.19)
Yes	13 (22.41)	10 (23.81)
Bloodstream infection			1.532	0.216
No	52 (89.66)	34 (80.95)
Yes	6 (10.34)	8 (19.05)

IQR: Interquartile range; BMI: Body mass index; APACHE2: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; WBC: White blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein; IL: Interleukin; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; AKI: Acute kidney injury.