Clinical manifestations of anxiety and depression in sepsis-associated encephalopathy and multi-omics identification of cluster of differentiation 38 as an early biomarker

Table 2 Comparison of basic characteristics between the sepsis-associated encephalopathy group and the sepsis without encephalopathy group, mean ± SD/n (%)

	Sepsis-no encephalopathy(n = 29)	Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (n = 29)	χ2/t/Z	P value
Age (IQR)	78.00 (73.00, 85.00)	78.00 (70.00, 85.00)	0.226	0.821
Weight (kg)	60.28 ± 10.80	64.21 ± 12.34	1.291	0.202
Height (cm)	162.66 ± 6.73	164.55 ± 7.81	0.991	0.326
BMI (IQR)	22.49 (19.49, 24.96)	23.31 (22.03, 25.95)	1.213	0.225
APACHE2 score (IQR)	16.00 (11.00, 21.00)	18.00 (13.00, 24.00)	0.716	0.474
Total bilirubin (μmol/L) (IQR)	10.00 (6.60, 17.40)	10.10 (8.10, 14.40)	0.614	0.539
Urea nitrogen (mmol/L) (IQR)	12.60 (8.60, 14.80)	14.20 (10.40, 24.30)	1.781	0.075
IL-5 (pg/mL) (IQR)	1.59 (1.59, 1.67)	1.59 (1.18, 1.69)	1.339	0.180
α-interferon (pg/mL) (IQR)	0.98 (0.39, 3.07)	1.47 (0.92, 1.65)	0.132	0.895
IL-2 (pg/mL) (IQR)	1.27 (0.79, 2.00)	1.54 (1.22, 2.21)	1.486	0.137
IL-6A (pg/mL) (IQR)	34.66 (16.65, 76.00)	35.54 (11.27, 92.62)	0.148	0.883
IL-1β (pg/mL) (IQR)	3.00 (2.33, 6.76)	2.33 (1.85, 8.74)	0.828	0.407
IL-10 (pg/mL) (IQR)	2.23 (1.46, 3.98)	2.44 (1.42, 3.75)	0.156	0.876
γ-interferon (pg/mL) (IQR)	2.36 (2.28, 3.52)	2.36 (2.28, 3.21)	1.140	0.254
IL-8 (pg/mL) (IQR)	1.54 (1.54, 6.73)	4.41 (1.54, 10.87)	1.777	0.076
IL-17 (pg/mL) (IQR)	4.19 (4.19, 5.67)	4.19 (4.19, 5.24)	0.665	0.506
IL-4 (pg/mL) (IQR)	0.76 (0.65, 0.82)	0.67 (0.65, 0.82)	0.083	0.934
IL-12 (pg/mL) (IQR)	1.62 (1.08, 1.62)	1.62 (1.12, 1.62)	0.081	0.936
WBC (109/L) (IQR)	11.18 (8.30, 12.92)	12.51 (9.56, 14.55)	1.050	0.294
CRP (mg/L) (IQR)	59.00 (25.00, 108.00)	94.00 (36.00, 125.00)	0.996	0.319
NSE (ng/mL) (IQR)	10.67 (8.33, 14.89)	17.54 (11.23, 22.15)	2.877	0.004
CD38 (ng/mL) (IQR)	7.37 (6.06, 7.88)	8.86 (8.30, 10.09)	4.471	< 0.001
PCT (ng/mL) (IQR)	0.22 (0.06, 3.34)	1.84 (0.58, 6.83)	2.512	0.012
Lactate (mmol/L) (IQR)	1.80 (1.30, 2.80)	2.60 (2.10, 4.50)	2.522	0.012
Gender			1.221	0.269
Male	17 (58.62)	21 (72.41)
Female	12 (41.38)	8 (27.59)
Diabetes			0.648	0.421
No	19 (65.52)	16 (55.17)
Yes	10 (34.48)	13 (44.83)
Hyperlipidemia			0.358	0.550
No	28 (96.55)	27 (93.10)
Yes	1 (3.45)	2 (6.90)
Hypertension			3.658	0.056
No	14 (48.28)	7 (24.14)
Yes	15 (51.72)	22 (75.86)
Coronary artery disease			1.105	0.293
No	17 (58.62)	13 (44.83)
Yes	12 (41.38)	16 (55.17)
CKD/AKI			2.559	0.110
No	15 (51.72)	9 (31.03)
Yes	14 (48.28)	20 (68.97)
Liver dysfunction			2.747	0.097
No	22 (75.86)	16 (55.17)
Yes	7 (24.14)	13 (44.83)
Fever			0.672	0.412
No	12 (41.38)	9 (31.03)
Yes	17 (58.62)	20 (68.97)
Pulmonary infection			0.345	0.557
No	9 (31.03)	7 (24.14)
Yes	20 (68.97)	22 (75.86)
Urinary tract infection			0.892	0.345
No	21 (72.41)	24 (82.76)
Yes	8 (27.59)	5 (17.24)
Bloodstream infection			3.219	0.073
No	24 (82.76)	28 (96.55)
Yes	5 (17.24)	1 (3.45)

IQR: Interquartile range; BMI: Body mass index; APACHE2: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; WBC: White blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein; IL: Interleukin; NSE: Neuron-specific enolase; PCT: Procalcitonin; CD: Cluster of differentiation; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; AKI: Acute kidney injury.