Determinants of generalized anxiety and construction of a predictive model in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Table 2 Comparison of clinical data between generalized anxiety disorder and non-generalized anxiety disorder groups

Category	GAD group (n = 49)	Non-GAD group (n = 141)	χ2/t	P value
Age (yeas)
18-60	8	20	0.133	0.716
> 60	41	121
Gender
Male	31	87	0.038	0.846
Female	18	54
BMI (kg/m²)	21.97 ± 1.95	22.34 ± 1.87	1.180	0.239
Educational level
Junior high school and below	24	33	12.452	0.002
Technical/vocational or high school	23	89
College and above	2	19
Marital status
Married	37	114	0.636	0.425
Unmarried, divorced, or widowed	12	27
Average household income, CNY
< 3000	24	74	7.039	0.030
3000-5000	22	40
> 5000	3	27
Living arrangement
Living alone	5	14	0.106	0.949
Living with spouse	32	94
Living with children or others	12	31
Smoking history
Yes	21	34	6.211	0.013
No	28	107
Smoking index, cigarettes/year
≥ 400	32	60	7.538	0.006
< 400	17	81
Alcohol history
Yes	9	27	0.014	0.904
No	40	114
COPD duration (years)
< 5	11	33	0.080	0.961
5-10	16	43
> 10	22	65
GOLD Stage
Stage 1	3	10	0.259	0.968
Stage 2	22	62
Stage 3	13	41
Stage 4	11	28
Acute exacerbations in the past year
0 or 1 time	17	87	10.711	0.001
≥ 2 times	32	54
FEV1 (L)	1.19 ± 0.36	1.28 ± 0.41	1.364	0.174
Cardiovascular comorbidities
Yes	30	46	9.966	0.002
No	19	85
Home oxygen therapy
Yes	8	21	0.058	0.810
No	41	120
Understanding of the disease
Completely unaware	21	6	49.452	< 0.001
Moderately aware	27	100
Very aware	1	35
Personality
Introverted	39	75	10.561	0.001
Extroverted	10	66

BMI: Body mass index; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; FEV₁: Forced expiratory volume in the first second; GAD: Generalized anxiety disorder; CNY: China yuan.