Determinants of generalized anxiety and construction of a predictive model in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Table 1 Comparison of clinical data between modeling and validation groups

Category	MO groups (n = 190)	VA groups (n = 81)	χ2/t	P value
Age (years)
18-60	28	13	0.247	0.619
> 60	122	68
Gender
Male	118	52	0.106	0.744
Female	72	29
BMI (kg/m²)	22.35 ± 1.81	22.09 ± 1.94	1.059	0.290
Educational level
Junior high school and below	57	24	0.912	0.634
Technical/vocational or high school	112	51
College and above	21	6
Marital status
Married	151	64	0.007	0.932
Unmarried, divorced, or widowed	39	17
Average household income, CNY
< 3000	98	42	0.627	0.731
3000-5000	62	29
> 5000	30	10
Living arrangement
Living alone	19	9	0.799	0.671
Living with spouse	126	56
Living with children or others	45	26
Smoking history
Yes	55	22	0.089	0.765
No	135	59
Smoking index, cigarettes/year
≥ 400	92	38	0.052	0.820
< 400	98	43
Alcohol history
Yes	36	14	0.104	0.747
No	154	67
COPD duration (years)
< 5	44	19	0.724	0.696
5-10	59	29
> 10	87	33
GOLD Stage
Stage 1	13	6	1.233	0.745
Stage 2	84	39
Stage 3	54	24
Stage 4	39	12
Acute exacerbations in the past year
0 or 1 time	104	41	0.387	0.534
≥ 2 times	86	40
FEV1 (L)	1.29 ± 0.45	1.17 ± 0.58	1.837	0.067
Cardiovascular comorbidities
Yes	76	31	0.020	0.889
No	118	50
Home oxygen therapy
Yes	29	13	0.470	0.493
No	118	68
Understanding of the disease
Completely unaware	27	12	1.770	0.413
Moderately aware	127	59
Very aware	36	10
Personality
Introverted	116	47	0.217	0.641
Extroverted	74	34
GAD
Yes	49	18	0.041	0.840
No	141	63

BMI: Body mass index; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; FEV₁: Forced expiratory volume in the first second; GAD: Generalized anxiety disorder; MO: Modeling group; VA: Validation group; CNY: China yuan.