Correlation analysis between sleep quality and depressive symptoms among rural elderly in China: An observational study

Table 1 Comparison of general characteristics among the elderly based on depressive symptoms, n (%)

Characteristics	Surveyed people, n = 5136	People with depressive symptoms, n = 1000	χ2	P value
Gender			59.751	< 0.001
Female	3269 (63.6)	742 (22.7)
Male	1867 (36.4)	258 (13.8)
Age (years old)			45.368	< 0.001
60-69	2339 (45.5)	361 (15.4)
70-79	2229 (43.4)	502 (22.5)
≥ 80	568 (11.1)	137 (24.1)
Marital status			61.458	< 0.001
Married	3926 (76.4)	670 (17.1)
Divorced/widowed/unmarried	1210 (23.6)	330 (27.3)
Living situation			55.179	< 0.001
Living alone	1115 (21.7)	304 (27.3)
Living with others	4021 (78.3)	696 (17.3)
Educational level			53.507	< 0.001
Primary school and below	4008 (78.0)	864 (21.6)
Junior high school	750 (14.6)	101 (13.5)
High school and above	378 (7.4)	35 (9.3)
Monthly income (yuan)			60.512	< 0.001
< 1000	3909 (76.1)	855 (21.9)
1000-3499	799 (15.6)	98 (12.3)
≥ 3500	428 (8.3)	47 (11.0)
Medical payment method			57.943	< 0.001
Self-payment	273 (5.3)	95 (34.8)
Employee medical insurance	724 (14.1)	97 (13.4)
Resident medical insurance	4139 (80.6)	808 (19.5)
Smoking status			9.120	0.003
Smoking	678 (13.2)	103 (15.2)
Non-smoking	4458 (86.8)	897 (20.1)
Drinking status			41.440	< 0.001
Drinking	1198 (23.3)	156 (13.0)
Non-drinking	3938 (76.7)	844 (21.4)
Sleep quality			661.372	< 0.001
Poor	2061 (40.1)	759 (36.8)
Good	3075 (59.9)	241 (7.8)