Investigating the pharmaceutical substances and action mechanisms of Changmaxifeng granules against tic disorders

doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.112055

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Psychiatry. Dec 19, 2025; 15(12): 112055
Published online Dec 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.112055

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Figure 5 Possible metabolic pathways of the components that enter the bloodstream. A: The metabolic pathways of 23-hydroxybetulinic acid; B: The metabolic pathways of gastrodin; C: The metabolic pathways of paeoniflorin; D: The metabolic pathways of gallic acid; E: The metabolic pathways of onjisaponin F, 3',6-disinapoylsucrose and sibiricose A5.

Citation: Xie LD, Wu JP, Liu SS, Zong Z, Hu Y, Ling N, Han B, Li WL, Yao HY. Investigating the pharmaceutical substances and action mechanisms of Changmaxifeng granules against tic disorders. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(12): 112055
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v15/i12/112055.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.112055

Xie LD, Wu JP, Liu SS, Zong Z, Hu Y, Ling N, Han B, Li WL, Yao HY. Investigating the pharmaceutical substances and action mechanisms of Changmaxifeng granules against tic disorders. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(12): 112055 [PMID: 41357924 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.112055]

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