Prospective study on the impact of parental anxiety on academic performance in children with attention deficit

Table 3 Group differences based on parental anxiety levels, mean (SD)

Outcome	Low anxiety (n = 42)	Moderate anxiety (n = 48)	High anxiety (n = 28)	F-statistic
Baseline
Academic performance (APQ)	2.6 (0.7)	2.1 (0.6)	1.5 (0.6)	18.42a
WJ-IV standard score	96.2 (11.4)	89.8 (12.6)	81.4 (13.8)	12.36a
GPA	3.1 (0.6)	2.7 (0.7)	2.2 (0.8)	14.28a
36-month follow-up
Academic performance (APQ)	3.2 (0.6)	2.5 (0.7)	1.8 (0.7)	26.84a
WJ-IV standard score	98.6 (10.8)	91.2 (13.2)	82.6 (14.4)	14.92a
GPA	3.3 (0.5)	2.8 (0.7)	2.1 (0.9)	22.16a
Change scores
Academic performance	+0.6 (0.4)	+0.4 (0.5)	+0.3 (0.6)	3.84c
WJ-IV standard score	+2.4 (4.2)	+1.4 (5.6)	+1.2 (6.8)	0.52
GPA	+0.2 (0.3)	+0.1 (0.4)	-0.1 (0.5)	5.62b

^aP < 0.001.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.05.

WJ-IV: Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement, Fourth Edition; APQ: Academic Performance Questionnaire; GPA: Grade point average.